比较名称

Question

是否有任何简单算法来确定代表同一个人的两个名字的相似性？

我不是在要求达到自定义部门可能使用的水平。只是一个简单的算法，可以告诉我“JamesT.Clark”很可能与“J.ThomasClark”或“James”同名。

如果在C#中有一个算法，那将是很棒的，但我可以从任何语言翻译。

Answer 1

我也遇到过类似的问题，我试着先使用Levenstein距离，但对我来说不太好。我提出了一个算法，给出两个字符串之间的“相似”值(更高的值意味着更相似的字符串，"1“表示相同的字符串)。这个值本身并不是很有意义(如果不是"1"，总是0.5或更少)，但是当您加入匈牙利矩阵从两个字符串列表中找到匹配对时，效果会很好。

像这样使用：

PartialStringComparer cmp = new PartialStringComparer();
tbResult.Text = cmp.Compare(textBox1.Text, textBox2.Text).ToString();

背后的代码：

public class SubstringRange {
    string masterString;

    public string MasterString {
        get { return masterString; }
        set { masterString = value; }
    }
    int start;

    public int Start {
        get { return start; }
        set { start = value; }
    }
    int end;

    public int End {
        get { return end; }
        set { end = value; }
    }
    public int Length {
        get { return End - Start; }
        set { End = Start + value;}
    }

    public bool IsValid {
        get { return MasterString.Length >= End && End >= Start && Start >= 0; }
    }

    public string Contents {
        get {
            if(IsValid) {
                return MasterString.Substring(Start, Length);
            } else {
                return "";
            }
        }
    }
    public bool OverlapsRange(SubstringRange range) {
        return !(End < range.Start || Start > range.End);
    }
    public bool ContainsRange(SubstringRange range) {
        return range.Start >= Start && range.End <= End;
    }
    public bool ExpandTo(string newContents) {
        if(MasterString.Substring(Start).StartsWith(newContents, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) && newContents.Length > Length) {
            Length = newContents.Length;
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }
}

public class SubstringRangeList: List<SubstringRange> {
    string masterString;

    public string MasterString {
        get { return masterString; }
        set { masterString = value; }
    }

    public SubstringRangeList(string masterString) {
        this.MasterString = masterString;
    }

    public SubstringRange FindString(string s){
        foreach(SubstringRange r in this){
            if(r.Contents.Equals(s, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))
                return r;
        }
        return null;
    }

    public SubstringRange FindSubstring(string s){
        foreach(SubstringRange r in this){
            if(r.Contents.StartsWith(s, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))
                return r;
        }
        return null;
    }

    public bool ContainsRange(SubstringRange range) {
        foreach(SubstringRange r in this) {
            if(r.ContainsRange(range))
                return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    public bool AddSubstring(string substring) {
        bool result = false;
        foreach(SubstringRange r in this) {
            if(r.ExpandTo(substring)) {
                result = true;
            }
        }
        if(FindSubstring(substring) == null) {
            bool patternfound = true;
            int start = 0;
            while(patternfound){
                patternfound = false;
                start = MasterString.IndexOf(substring, start, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);
                patternfound = start != -1;
                if(patternfound) {
                    SubstringRange r = new SubstringRange();
                    r.MasterString = this.MasterString;
                    r.Start = start++;
                    r.Length = substring.Length;
                    if(!ContainsRange(r)) {
                        this.Add(r);
                        result = true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    private static bool SubstringRangeMoreThanOneChar(SubstringRange range) {
        return range.Length > 1;
    }

    public float Weight {
        get {
            if(MasterString.Length == 0 || Count == 0)
                return 0;
            float numerator = 0;
            int denominator = 0;
            foreach(SubstringRange r in this.FindAll(SubstringRangeMoreThanOneChar)) {
                numerator += r.Length;
                denominator++;
            }
            if(denominator == 0)
                return 0;
            return numerator / denominator / MasterString.Length;
        }
    }

    public void RemoveOverlappingRanges() {
        SubstringRangeList l = new SubstringRangeList(this.MasterString);
        l.AddRange(this);//create a copy of this list
        foreach(SubstringRange r in l) {
            if(this.Contains(r) && this.ContainsRange(r)) {
                Remove(r);//try to remove the range
                if(!ContainsRange(r)) {//see if the list still contains "superset" of this range
                    Add(r);//if not, add it back
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public void AddStringToCompare(string s) {
        for(int start = 0; start < s.Length; start++) {
            for(int len = 1; start + len <= s.Length; len++) {
                string part = s.Substring(start, len);
                if(!AddSubstring(part))
                    break;
            }
        }
        RemoveOverlappingRanges();
    }
}

public class PartialStringComparer {
    public float Compare(string s1, string s2) {
        SubstringRangeList srl1 = new SubstringRangeList(s1);
        srl1.AddStringToCompare(s2);
        SubstringRangeList srl2 = new SubstringRangeList(s2);
        srl2.AddStringToCompare(s1);
        return (srl1.Weight + srl2.Weight) / 2;
    }
}

Levenstein距离1要简单得多(改编自http://www.merriampark.com/ld.htm)：

public class Distance {
    /// <summary>
    /// Compute Levenshtein distance
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="s">String 1</param>
    /// <param name="t">String 2</param>
    /// <returns>Distance between the two strings.
    /// The larger the number, the bigger the difference.
    /// </returns>
    public static int LD(string s, string t) {
        int n = s.Length; //length of s
        int m = t.Length; //length of t
        int[,] d = new int[n + 1, m + 1]; // matrix
        int cost; // cost
        // Step 1
        if(n == 0) return m;
        if(m == 0) return n;
        // Step 2
        for(int i = 0; i <= n; d[i, 0] = i++) ;
        for(int j = 0; j <= m; d[0, j] = j++) ;
        // Step 3
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
            //Step 4
            for(int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
                // Step 5
                cost = (t.Substring(j - 1, 1) == s.Substring(i - 1, 1) ? 0 : 1);
                // Step 6
                d[i, j] = System.Math.Min(System.Math.Min(d[i - 1, j] + 1, d[i, j - 1] + 1), d[i - 1, j - 1] + cost);
            }
        }
        // Step 7
        return d[n, m];
    }
}

Answer 2

听起来你在寻找一种基于语音的算法，比如soundex、纽约NYSIIS或双元电话机。第一个实际上是几个政府部门使用的东西，而且实现起来很简单(很多实现都很容易使用可用)。第二个版本是一个稍微复杂和精确的第一个版本。后者-大多数工作与一些非英语名称和字母。

Levenshtein距离是两个任意字符串之间距离的定义。它给出了相同字符串之间的距离为0，不同字符串之间的距离为非零，如果您决定使用自定义算法，这可能也很有用。

Answer 3

利文希丁很接近，虽然可能不是您想要的。