Shutil.move(os.path.join(…)不工作

Question

这个程序创建新的目录和自动移动文件到那里，如果关键字匹配。只有我的程序的第4步不能工作-文件不会从源文件移动到目标文件夹。其他一切都能工作。*

工作如下：

我们有一个源文件夹，一个目标文件夹，一个关键字文件夹。

1. 查找关键字文件夹中的.txt文件
2. 创建以目标文件夹.txt文件命名的子目标目录
3. 从.txt文件获取关键字
4. 如果在源文件->中找到关键字，则将源代码文件从源文件夹移动到目标文件夹

G 213中的子目录

我的程序工作，除了步骤4。没有错误信息。文件就待在原处。当硬编码和使用绝对路径时，程序在我的原型中运行得很顺利。在代码中，您可以在#### NOT WORKING:下面找到它

您可以自己尝试这个程序：https://github.com/kormuch/python_file_organizer (也包括模拟用的虚拟.txt文件)

import os
import shutil


#directories with relative paths
dir_source_files = r'source files'
dir_destination = r'destination'
dir_keyword_files = r'keywords'


def create_folders_and_move_files():
    scanned_dir_keyword_files = os.scandir(dir_keyword_files)
    for file in scanned_dir_keyword_files: #creates new dirs named after .txt files in destination folder
        print((f".txt file found in dir_keyword_files:\n{file} name of new folder: " + os.path.splitext(file.name)[0]))
        new_dir_name = str(os.path.splitext(file.name)[0])
        path_for_new_dir = os.path.join(dir_destination, new_dir_name)

        try:
            os.makedirs(path_for_new_dir, exist_ok = False)
            print(f"directory creation succesful. created directory:{new_dir_name}\n")
        except OSError as error:
            print(f"directory creation not succesful. '{new_dir_name}' already exists\n")    
# now a new directory is created and has the same name as the .txt file
    scanned_dir_keyword_files = os.scandir(dir_keyword_files)
    
    for txt_file_with_keywords in scanned_dir_keyword_files:
        print(f"TASK 1: iterating through parent txt-keywordfile:\n {txt_file_with_keywords} ")
        keywordlist_a = []
        with open(txt_file_with_keywords) as txt_full_with_hashtags:
            for keyword_with_hashtags in txt_full_with_hashtags.readlines():
                keywords_without_hashtags = keyword_with_hashtags.rstrip().split('#') #automatically creates list and removes the hashtag from every keyword
                keywords_without_hashtags.remove('') #removes empty entries from list
            print(f"TASK 2: fill child keywordlist_a with keywords from parent:") 
            for keyword_without_hashtag in keywords_without_hashtags:
                keywordlist_a.append(keyword_without_hashtag)
                print('keyword added to keywordlist_a: ' + keyword_without_hashtag)
            print("keywordlist_a ready:")
            print(keywordlist_a)
                
                #### NOT WORKING:
            for scanned_dir_destination in os.scandir(dir_destination):
                print("This is the destination path " + str(os.path.realpath(scanned_dir_destination)))                    
                for keyword_a in keywordlist_a:
                        for scanned_scource_file in os.scandir(dir_source_files):
                            print(f"TASK 3: comparing keyword '{keyword_a}' to '{scanned_scource_file}'")
                            if keyword_a.lower() in str(scanned_scource_file).lower():
                                print(f"Bingo! '{keyword_a}' found in '{scanned_scource_file}'")
                                try:
                                    shutil.move(os.path.join(scanned_scource_file.path, scanned_scource_file), scanned_dir_destination)
                                except:
                                 pass
                            
            print("\n")            
        
create_folders_and_move_files()

输出：

.txt file found in dir_keyword_files:
<DirEntry 'audiobooks.txt'> name of new folder: audiobooks
directory creation succesful. created directory:audiobooks

.txt file found in dir_keyword_files:
<DirEntry 'movies.txt'> name of new folder: movies
directory creation succesful. created directory:movies

TASK 1: iterating through parent txt-keywordfile:
 <DirEntry 'audiobooks.txt'> 
TASK 2: fill child keywordlist_a with keywords from parent:
keyword added to keywordlist_a: audiobook 
keyword added to keywordlist_a: Hörbuch 
keyword added to keywordlist_a: podcast
keywordlist_a ready:
['audiobook ', 'Hörbuch ', 'podcast']
This is the destination path C:\Users\Desktop\Desktop\Python\testing\file organizer\destination\audiobooks
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'audiobook ' to '<DirEntry 'How to Read People Like a Book -James W. Williams -Full Audiobook (192kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
Bingo! 'audiobook ' found in '<DirEntry 'How to Read People Like a Book -James W. Williams -Full Audiobook (192kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'audiobook ' to '<DirEntry 'How to Talk to Anyone 92 Little Tricks for Big Success in Relationships Audiobook (128kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
Bingo! 'audiobook ' found in '<DirEntry 'How to Talk to Anyone 92 Little Tricks for Big Success in Relationships Audiobook (128kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'Hörbuch ' to '<DirEntry 'How to Read People Like a Book -James W. Williams -Full Audiobook (192kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'Hörbuch ' to '<DirEntry 'How to Talk to Anyone 92 Little Tricks for Big Success in Relationships Audiobook (128kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'podcast' to '<DirEntry 'How to Read People Like a Book -James W. Williams -Full Audiobook (192kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'podcast' to '<DirEntry 'How to Talk to Anyone 92 Little Tricks for Big Success in Relationships Audiobook (128kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
This is the destination path C:\Users\Desktop\Desktop\Python\testing\file organizer\destination\movies
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'audiobook ' to '<DirEntry 'How to Read People Like a Book -James W. Williams -Full Audiobook (192kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
Bingo! 'audiobook ' found in '<DirEntry 'How to Read People Like a Book -James W. Williams -Full Audiobook (192kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'audiobook ' to '<DirEntry 'How to Talk to Anyone 92 Little Tricks for Big Success in Relationships Audiobook (128kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
Bingo! 'audiobook ' found in '<DirEntry 'How to Talk to Anyone 92 Little Tricks for Big Success in Relationships Audiobook (128kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'Hörbuch ' to '<DirEntry 'How to Read People Like a Book -James W. Williams -Full Audiobook (192kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'Hörbuch ' to '<DirEntry 'How to Talk to Anyone 92 Little Tricks for Big Success in Relationships Audiobook (128kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'podcast' to '<DirEntry 'How to Read People Like a Book -James W. Williams -Full Audiobook (192kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'podcast' to '<DirEntry 'How to Talk to Anyone 92 Little Tricks for Big Success in Relationships Audiobook (128kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'


TASK 1: iterating through parent txt-keywordfile:
 <DirEntry 'movies.txt'> 
TASK 2: fill child keywordlist_a with keywords from parent:
keyword added to keywordlist_a: movie 
keyword added to keywordlist_a: full film 
keyword added to keywordlist_a: star wars
keywordlist_a ready:
['movie ', 'full film ', 'star wars']
This is the destination path C:\Users\Desktop\Desktop\Python\testing\file organizer\destination\audiobooks
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'movie ' to '<DirEntry 'How to Read People Like a Book -James W. Williams -Full Audiobook (192kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'movie ' to '<DirEntry 'How to Talk to Anyone 92 Little Tricks for Big Success in Relationships Audiobook (128kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'full film ' to '<DirEntry 'How to Read People Like a Book -James W. Williams -Full Audiobook (192kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'full film ' to '<DirEntry 'How to Talk to Anyone 92 Little Tricks for Big Success in Relationships Audiobook (128kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'star wars' to '<DirEntry 'How to Read People Like a Book -James W. Williams -Full Audiobook (192kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'star wars' to '<DirEntry 'How to Talk to Anyone 92 Little Tricks for Big Success in Relationships Audiobook (128kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
This is the destination path C:\Users\Desktop\Desktop\Python\testing\file organizer\destination\movies
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'movie ' to '<DirEntry 'How to Read People Like a Book -James W. Williams -Full Audiobook (192kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'movie ' to '<DirEntry 'How to Talk to Anyone 92 Little Tricks for Big Success in Relationships Audiobook (128kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'full film ' to '<DirEntry 'How to Read People Like a Book -James W. Williams -Full Audiobook (192kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'full film ' to '<DirEntry 'How to Talk to Anyone 92 Little Tricks for Big Success in Relationships Audiobook (128kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'star wars' to '<DirEntry 'How to Read People Like a Book -James W. Williams -Full Audiobook (192kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'
TASK 3: comparing keyword 'star wars' to '<DirEntry 'How to Talk to Anyone 92 Little Tricks for Big Success in Relationships Audiobook (128kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'>'

Answer 1

将适当的行更改为：

shutil.move(scanned_scource_file, scanned_dir_destination)

您的代码不能工作的原因是由于无效的传递参数引发了错误，导致shutil.move()失败：

# NotADirectoryError: [Errno 20] Not a directory: 'source files/How to Talk to Anyone 92 Little Tricks for Big Success in Relationships Audiobook (128kbit_AAC).m4a.txt/source files/How to Talk to Anyone 92 Little Tricks for Big Success in Relationships Audiobook (128kbit_AAC).m4a.txt'

您所面临的问题的核心是错误的期望，即scanned_source_file.path将提供没有基本文件名的目录部分，但它提供了完整的路径文件名。

请注意，将行更改为：

shutil.move(scanned_scource_file.path, scanned_dir_destination)

也会像

shutil.move(scanned_scource_file, scanned_dir_destination)

其中，第一个版本提供完整的路径文件名作为字符串，而另一个作为等效对象。

顺便提一句:使用scanned_scource_file.name而不是str(scanned_scource_file)。