根据目录名和文件名对路径列表进行分组

Question

我想根据目录名和文件名对路径进行排序。它们由第一个不同的文件夹("TENT1“和"TENT2")分隔。注意，有些文件位于"Job1“和"Job2”文件夹中，但有些文件也需要排序。谢谢!

paths = [
    '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT1/Job1/metr-ok_2022_11_28',
    '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT1/Job1/metr-ok_2022_11_29',
    '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT1/Job1/weig-ok_2022_11_28',
    '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT1/Job1/weig-ok_2022_11_29',
    '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT1/down-ok_2022_11_27',
    '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT1/down-ok_2022_11_28',
    '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT1/serv-ok_2022_11_28',
    '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT1/serv-ok_2022_11_29',
    '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT2/Job2/metr-ok_2022_11_28',
    '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT2/Job2/metr-ok_2022_11_29',
    '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT2/Job2/weig-ok_2022_11_28',
    '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT2/Job2/weig-ok_2022_11_29',
    '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT2/down-ok_2022_11_27',
    '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT2/down-ok_2022_11_28',
    '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT2/serv-ok_2022_11_28',
    '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT2/serv-ok_2022_11_29',
]

但这正是我想要的：

paths = [
    [
        [
            '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT1/Job1/metr-ok_2022_11_28',
            '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT1/Job1/metr-ok_2022_11_29'
        ],

        [
            '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT1/Job1/weig-ok_2022_11_28',
            '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT1/Job1/weig-ok_2022_11_29'
        ],

        [
            '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT1/down-ok_2022_11_27',
            '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT1/down-ok_2022_11_28',
        ],

        [
            '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT1/serv-ok_2022_11_28',
            '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT1/serv-ok_2022_11_29'
        ],

    ],
    [
        [
            '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT2/Job2/metr-ok_2022_11_28',
            '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT2/Job2/metr-ok_2022_11_29'
        ],
        [
            '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT2/Job2/weig-ok_2022_11_28',
            '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT2/Job2/weig-ok_2022_11_29'
        ],
        [
            '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT2/down-ok_2022_11_27',
            '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT2/down-ok_2022_11_28',
        ],
        [
            '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT2/serv-ok_2022_11_28',
            '/var/lib/conc/states/TENT2/serv-ok_2022_11_29',
        ],
    ]
]

这是我的密码：

from itertools import groupby
from os.path import dirname
sorted_by_file = [list(g) for _,g in groupby(paths, dirname)]

我正在挣扎如何排序，一旦这些文件是按文件夹名称排序。

Answer 1

与用于分组的dirname函数不同，您必须创建自己的函数，该函数如下所示

import os.path

def grouper(path):
    d, f = os.path.split(path)
    f = f.split('-')[0]
    return d, f

它返回一个包含目录和文件名相关部分的元组。

它可以与您在代码中已经使用的方式相同：

from itertools import groupby
sorted_by_file = [list(g) for _,g in groupby(paths, grouper)]