M2 macbook上的Python

Question

我正在编写这个模拟地球磁场的代码：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import magpylib as magpy
import pyvista as pv

ts = np.linspace(-8,8, 150)
t = np.linspace(-6,6, 150)
axis = np.c_[2*np.cos(ts*2*np.pi), 2*np.sin(ts*2*np.pi), ts]
aux = np.c_[2*np.cos(ts*2*np.pi), 2*np.sin(ts*2*np.pi), t]
def make_coil(pos, vertices):
    coil = magpy.current.Line(
    current = 100,
    vertices = vertices,
    position= pos,
    style_color="green",
    )
    return coil

theta = np.sqrt(2)/2
r = 4
coil1 = make_coil((0,0,0), axis)
coil2 = make_coil((r*1,0,0), aux)
coil3 = make_coil((r*theta,r*theta,0), aux)
coil4 = make_coil((0,1*r,0), aux)
coil5 = make_coil((-r*theta,r*theta,0), aux)
coil6 = make_coil((-r*1,0,0), aux)
coil7 = make_coil((-r*theta,-r*theta,0), aux)
coil8 = make_coil((0,-r*1,0), aux)
coil9 = make_coil((r*theta,-r*theta,0), aux)

coil = coil1 + coil2 + coil3 + coil4 + coil5 + coil6 + coil7 + coil8 + coil9 
coil.show()



grid = pv.UniformGrid(
    dimensions=(41, 41, 41),
    spacing=(2, 2, 2),
    origin=(-40, -40, -40),
)

# compute B-field and add as data to grid
grid["B"] = coil.getB(grid.points)
# compute field lines
seed = pv.Disc(inner=1, outer=5.2, r_res=3, c_res=12)
strl = grid.streamlines_from_source(
    seed,
    vectors='B',
    max_time=180,
    initial_step_length=0.01,
    integration_direction='both',
)

# create plotting scene
pl = pv.Plotter()

# add field lines and legend to scene
legend_args = {
    'title': 'B [mT]',
    'title_font_size': 20,
    'color': 'black',
    'position_y': 0.25,
    'vertical': True,
}

# draw coils
magpy.show(coil, color="orange", canvas=pl, backend='pyvista')

# add streamlines
pl.add_mesh(
    strl.tube(radius=.2),
    cmap="bwr",
    scalar_bar_args=legend_args,
)
# display scene
pl.camera.position=(160, 10, -10)
pl.set_background("white")
pl.show()

我收到这条错误信息

danieltran@eduroam-193-157-168-102 OneDrive-UniversitetetiOslo % /usr/local/bin/python3 "/Users/danieltran/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitetetiOslo/H22/FYS1120/Comp Essay/d
ouble_solenoids.py"
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pyvista/_vtk.py", line 547, in <module>
    from vtk.vtkCommonKitPython import buffer_shared, vtkAbstractArray, vtkWeakReference
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'vtk'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/danieltran/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitetetiOslo/H22/FYS1120/Comp Essay/double_solenoids.py", line 4, in <module>
    import pyvista as pv
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pyvista/__init__.py", line 12, in <module>
    from pyvista.plotting import *
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pyvista/plotting/__init__.py", line 4, in <module>
    from .charts import Chart2D, ChartMPL, ChartBox, ChartPie
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pyvista/plotting/charts.py", line 13, in <module>
    from pyvista import _vtk
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pyvista/_vtk.py", line 549, in <module>
    from vtk.vtkCommonCore import buffer_shared, vtkAbstractArray, vtkWeakReference
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'vtk'. 

Answer 1

首先，您需要发布一个问题，而不仅仅是代码+错误消息。

基于您的错误消息，我将尝试如下：

确保安装了VTK。https://pypi.org/project/vtk/

尝试不同的Python版本。3.11是刚从货架上拿出来的，看起来VTK库是在3.11发布之前更新的。

你还可以尝试其他的事情，但根据你的帖子，这可能是最好的起点.

Answer 2

VTK目前没有支持的python 3.11兼容版本发布。请参阅最新版本9.2.2 https://pypi.org/project/vtk/9.2.2/#files的可用文件，该版本目前还没有3.11兼容的文件。有些选项是自己构建VTK (如果没有支持python 3.11的修复程序，也可能是不可能的)，或者使用不同的python版本，或者等到与python 3.11兼容的新vtk发行版。