如何写入RP2040上的特定寄存器以退出

Question

我正在使用Arduino IDE和langauge (C)编写一个Raspberry Pi Pico程序。我有一个项目，使用16x2液晶显示器和按钮来控制它的背光。按钮和其他一切都正常工作，我的问题是，每次我按下开关，背光闪烁，需要按下它的随机时间来保持或关闭，我建议由于反弹。我想清除RP2040的ICSR寄存器中的22位，以便在从中断返回之前清除中断缓冲区中的任何挂起的内容。m0plus (第87页，或页面底部的86页)

到目前为止我的代码是：

#include <Adafruit_BMP280.h>
#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <hd44780.h>
#include <hd44780ioClass/hd44780_I2Cexp.h>
#include "hardware/regs/m0plus.h"
//#include <pico/stdlib.h>
//#include <hardware/pwm.h>

Adafruit_BMP280 bmp; //I2C

hd44780_I2Cexp lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

const uint16_t AirValue = 1023;
const uint16_t WaterValue = 660; //measured fully submerged in water
const uint16_t DarkValue = 0;
const uint16_t LightValue = 1023;
uint16_t soilMoisture;
uint16_t soilMoisturePercent;
uint16_t lightIntensity;
uint16_t lightIntensityPercent;
volatile bool lcdBacklightStatus = false;

byte pressureChar[] = { 0b01000, 0b11110, 0b11100, 0b01000, 0b00011, 0b01111, 0b00000, 0b11110
};

byte moistureChar[] = { 0b00000, 0b00100, 0b01110, 0b11111, 0b11111, 0b11111, 0b01110, 0b00000
};

byte lightIntensityChar[] = { 0b00000, 0b01110, 0b10001, 0b11011, 0b10101, 0b01110, 0b01110, 0b00100
};

byte temperatureChar[] = { 0b01000, 0b10111, 0b10100, 0b11111, 0b11100, 0b11100, 0b11100, 0b01000
};

byte separatorWall[] = { 0b10101, 0b01010, 0b10101, 0b01010, 0b10101, 0b01010, 0b10101, 0b01010
};

byte degreeChar[] = { 0b00111, 0b00101, 0b00111, 0b00000, 0b00000, 0b00000, 0b00000, 0b00000
};

void backlight();

void setup() {
  lcd.begin(0x27, 16, 2);

  lcd.createChar(0, pressureChar);
  lcd.createChar(1, moistureChar);
  lcd.createChar(2, lightIntensityChar);
  lcd.createChar(3, temperatureChar);
  lcd.createChar(4, separatorWall);
  lcd.createChar(5, degreeChar);

  lcd.home();

  pinMode(26, INPUT); //soilMoisture
  pinMode(27, INPUT); //lightIntensity
  pinMode(17, INPUT); //button

  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(17), backlight, RISING);
  
  //Serial.begin(9600);

  bmp.begin(0x76);
  bmp.setSampling(Adafruit_BMP280::MODE_NORMAL,     /* Operating Mode. */
                  Adafruit_BMP280::SAMPLING_X2,     /* Temp. oversampling */
                  Adafruit_BMP280::SAMPLING_X16,    /* Pressure oversampling */
                  Adafruit_BMP280::FILTER_X16,      /* Filtering. */
                  Adafruit_BMP280::STANDBY_MS_500); /* Standby time. */

  lcd.clear();
  lcd.backlight(); //lcd.noBacklight();

  lcd.setCursor(1,0);
  lcd.print("Plant Station");
  lcd.setCursor(6,1);
  lcd.print("V0.8");

  delay(2000);

  lcd.noBacklight();
  lcd.clear();

  lcd.setCursor(0,0);
  lcd.write(byte(3));
  lcd.setCursor(10,0);
  lcd.write(byte(2));
  lcd.setCursor(0,1);
  lcd.write(byte(0));
  lcd.setCursor(10,1);
  lcd.write(byte(1));
  lcd.setCursor(7,0);
  lcd.write(byte(5));
  lcd.setCursor(8,0);
  lcd.print("C");
  lcd.setCursor(15,0);
  lcd.print("%");
  lcd.setCursor(6,1);
  lcd.print("hPa");
  lcd.setCursor(15,1);
  lcd.print("%");
}

void loop() {
  soilMoisture = analogRead(26);
  soilMoisturePercent = map(soilMoisture, AirValue, WaterValue, 0, 100);

  lightIntensity = analogRead(27);
  lightIntensityPercent = map(lightIntensity, DarkValue, LightValue, 0, 100);

  if(soilMoisturePercent >= 100) soilMoisturePercent = 100;
    else if(soilMoisturePercent <= 0) soilMoisturePercent = 0; 

  if(lightIntensityPercent >= 100) lightIntensityPercent = 100;
    else if(lightIntensityPercent <= 0) lightIntensityPercent = 0;

  //Serial.print("Moisture: ");
  //Serial.println(soilMoisture);
  //Serial.print("Percentage: ");
  //Serial.println(soilMoisturePercent);
  //Serial.print("LightIntensity: ");
  //Serial.println(lightIntensity);
  //Serial.print(soilMoisture);
  //Serial.println(soilMoisturePercent);

  //BANNED CURSOR POSITIONS: 0,0  9,0  0,1  9,1  6,0  14,0  7,0  15,0  5,1  15,1

  lcd.setCursor(3,0);
  lcd.print(bmp.readTemperature(),1);
  lcd.setCursor(2,1);
  lcd.print(((bmp.readPressure()/100)),0);
  if(soilMoisturePercent < 10) {
    lcd.setCursor(13,1);
    lcd.print(" ");
    lcd.print(soilMoisturePercent);
  } else if(soilMoisturePercent < 100) {
    lcd.setCursor(13,1);
    lcd.print(soilMoisturePercent);
  } else {
    lcd.setCursor(12,1);
    lcd.print(soilMoisturePercent);
  }
  if(lightIntensityPercent < 10) {
    lcd.setCursor(13,0);
    lcd.print(" ");
    lcd.print(lightIntensityPercent);
  } else if(lightIntensityPercent < 100) {
    lcd.setCursor(13,0);
    lcd.print(lightIntensityPercent);
  } else {
    lcd.setCursor(12,0);
    lcd.print(lightIntensityPercent);
  }

  delay(60000);
}

void backlight() {
  //noInterrupts();
  detachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(17));
  if(lcdBacklightStatus == true) {
    lcd.noBacklight();
  } else if(lcdBacklightStatus == false) {
    lcd.backlight();
  }
  delayMicroseconds(500000);
  //interrupts();
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(17), backlight, RISING);
  lcdBacklightStatus = !lcdBacklightStatus;
  //want to clear ICSR register here i guess
}

我可能还不够清楚，如果是这样的话，英语不是我的主要语言。

Answer 1

@stark成了我的英雄，我删除了整个中断部分，以及主循环结束时长达60秒的延迟。然后添加了下面的代码，现在当按钮被按下1秒时，lcd背光切换，感应器仍然每60秒检查一次。仍然不知道如何处理注册表来揭穿，所以帖子仍然是开放的。

  for(int i = 0; i < 600; i++) {
    if(digitalRead(17) == 1) trueCount++;
    if(trueCount == 10) {
      lcdBacklightStatus = !lcdBacklightStatus;
      trueCount = 0;
    }
    if(lcdBacklightStatus == false) {
    lcd.noBacklight();
    } else if(lcdBacklightStatus == true) {
    lcd.backlight();
    }
    delay(100);
  }

编辑：

我根据状态机的概念重写了我的整个代码。现在它运行得完美无缺，但我仍然想知道如何处理RP2040芯片上的中断，所以非常感谢您给出的好答案！

代码：

#include <Adafruit_BMP280.h>
#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <hd44780.h>
#include <hd44780ioClass/hd44780_I2Cexp.h>

Adafruit_BMP280 bmp;
hd44780_I2Cexp lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

const uint8_t moistureSensorPin = 26;
const uint8_t lightSensorPin = 27;
const uint8_t buttonPin = 17;

const uint16_t moistureSensorInterval = 60000;
const uint16_t lightSensorInterval = 60000;
const uint16_t temperatureSensorInterval = 60000;
const uint16_t pressureSensorInterval = 60000;
const uint16_t buttonInterval = 500;
const uint16_t lcdUpdateInterval = 60000;

const uint32_t backlightDuration = 300000;

const uint16_t AirValue = 1023;
const uint16_t WaterValue = 660;
const uint16_t DarkValue = 0;
const uint16_t LightValue = 1023;


uint16_t soilMoisture;
uint16_t soilMoisturePercent;
uint16_t lightIntensity;
uint16_t lightIntensityPercent;
float temperature;
uint32_t pressure;

byte soilMoist = LOW;
byte soilHalfMoist = LOW;
byte soilDry = LOW;
byte buttonState = LOW;
byte lcdBacklightStatus = LOW;
byte buttonPreviouslyPressed = LOW;


uint32_t currentMillis = 0;
uint32_t previousMoistureSensorMillis = 60000;
uint32_t previousLightSensorMillis = 60000;
uint32_t previousTemperatureMillis = 60000;
uint32_t previousPressureMillis = 60000;
uint32_t previousButtonMillis = 0;
uint32_t previousLCDMillis = 0;

byte pressureChar[] = { 0b01000, 0b11110, 0b11100, 0b01000, 0b00011, 0b01111, 0b00000, 0b11110
};

byte moistureChar[] = { 0b00000, 0b00100, 0b01110, 0b11111, 0b11111, 0b11111, 0b01110, 0b00000
};

byte halfMoistureChar[] = { 0b00000, 0b00100, 0b01010, 0b10001, 0b11111, 0b11111, 0b01110, 0b00000
};

byte emptyMoistureChar[] = { 0b00000, 0b00100, 0b01010, 0b10001, 0b10001, 0b10001, 0b01110, 0b00000
};

byte lightIntensityChar[] = { 0b00000, 0b01110, 0b10001, 0b11011, 0b10101, 0b01110, 0b01110, 0b00100
};

byte temperatureChar[] = { 0b01000, 0b10111, 0b10100, 0b11111, 0b11100, 0b11100, 0b11100, 0b01000
};

byte separatorWall[] = { 0b10101, 0b01010, 0b10101, 0b01010, 0b10101, 0b01010, 0b10101, 0b01010
};

byte degreeChar[] = { 0b00111, 0b00101, 0b00111, 0b00000, 0b00000, 0b00000, 0b00000, 0b00000
};

byte painChar[] = { 0b00000, 0b00000, 0b11011, 0b11011, 0b00000, 0b01110, 0b10001, 0b00000
};

void setup() {
  pinMode(moistureSensorPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(lightSensorPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);

  
  bmp.begin(0x76);
  bmp.setSampling(Adafruit_BMP280::MODE_NORMAL,     /* Operating Mode. */
                  Adafruit_BMP280::SAMPLING_X2,     /* Temp. oversampling */
                  Adafruit_BMP280::SAMPLING_X16,    /* Pressure oversampling */
                  Adafruit_BMP280::FILTER_X16,      /* Filtering. */
                  Adafruit_BMP280::STANDBY_MS_500); /* Standby time. */
  
  
  lcd.begin(0x27, 16, 2);

  lcd.createChar(0, pressureChar);
  lcd.createChar(1, painChar);
  lcd.createChar(2, lightIntensityChar);
  lcd.createChar(3, temperatureChar);
  lcd.createChar(4, moistureChar);
  lcd.createChar(5, halfMoistureChar);
  lcd.createChar(6, emptyMoistureChar);
  lcd.createChar(7, degreeChar);

  lcd.home();
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.backlight(); //lcd.noBacklight();

  lcd.setCursor(1,0);
  lcd.print("Plant Station");
  lcd.setCursor(6,1);
  lcd.print("V1.0");

  delay(2000);

  lcd.noBacklight();
  lcd.clear();

  lcd.setCursor(0,0);
  lcd.write(byte(3));
  lcd.setCursor(10,0);
  lcd.write(byte(2));
  lcd.setCursor(0,1);
  lcd.write(byte(0));
  lcd.setCursor(10,1);
  lcd.write(byte(4));
  lcd.setCursor(7,0);
  lcd.write(byte(7));
  lcd.setCursor(8,0);
  lcd.print("C");
  lcd.setCursor(15,0);
  lcd.print("%");
  lcd.setCursor(6,1);
  lcd.print("hPa");
  lcd.setCursor(15,1);
  lcd.print("%");
}

void loop() {
  currentMillis = millis();

  readMoistureSensor();
  readLightSensor();
  readTemperature();
  readPressure();
  readButtonState();
  updateBacklight();
  updateLCD();
}

void readMoistureSensor() {
    if(currentMillis - previousMoistureSensorMillis >= moistureSensorInterval) {
        soilMoisture = analogRead(26);
        soilMoisturePercent = map(soilMoisture, AirValue, WaterValue, 0, 100);

        if(soilMoisturePercent >= 100) soilMoisturePercent = 100;
            else if(soilMoisturePercent <= 0) soilMoisturePercent = 0;

        previousMoistureSensorMillis += moistureSensorInterval;
    }
}

void readLightSensor() {
    if(currentMillis - previousLightSensorMillis >= lightSensorInterval) {
        lightIntensity = analogRead(27);
        lightIntensityPercent = map(lightIntensity, DarkValue, LightValue, 0, 100);

        if(lightIntensityPercent >= 100) lightIntensityPercent = 100;
            else if(lightIntensityPercent <= 0) lightIntensityPercent = 0;

        previousLightSensorMillis += lightSensorInterval;
    }
}

void readTemperature() {
    if(currentMillis - previousTemperatureMillis >= temperatureSensorInterval) {
        temperature = bmp.readTemperature();

        previousTemperatureMillis += temperatureSensorInterval;
    }
}

void readPressure() {
    if(currentMillis - previousPressureMillis >= pressureSensorInterval) {
        pressure = (bmp.readPressure()/100);

        previousPressureMillis += pressureSensorInterval;
    }
}

void readButtonState() {
    if(currentMillis - previousButtonMillis >= buttonInterval)  {
        buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);
    
        if(buttonState == HIGH) {
            lcdBacklightStatus = !lcdBacklightStatus;
        }

        previousButtonMillis += buttonInterval;
    }
}

void updateBacklight() {
    if(lcdBacklightStatus == HIGH) {
        lcd.backlight();
    } else {
        lcd.noBacklight();
    }
}

void updateLCD() {
    if(currentMillis - previousLCDMillis >= lcdUpdateInterval) {
        if(soilMoisturePercent >= 50) {
            lcd.setCursor(10,1);
            lcd.write(byte(4));
        } else if(soilMoisturePercent >= 25) {
            lcd.setCursor(10,1);
            lcd.write(byte(5));
        } else {
            lcd.setCursor(10,1);
            lcd.write(byte(6));
        }

        if(pressure > 1007) {
            lcd.setCursor(0,1);
            lcd.write(byte(0));
        } else {
            lcd.setCursor(0,1);
            lcd.write(byte(1));
        }

        lcd.setCursor(3,0);
        lcd.print(temperature,1);
        lcd.setCursor(2,1);
        lcd.print(pressure);
        if(soilMoisturePercent < 10) {
            lcd.setCursor(13,1);
            lcd.print(" ");
            lcd.print(soilMoisturePercent);
        } else if(soilMoisturePercent < 100) {
            lcd.setCursor(13,1);
            lcd.print(soilMoisturePercent);
        } else {
            lcd.setCursor(12,1);
            lcd.print(soilMoisturePercent);
        }
        if(lightIntensityPercent < 10) {
            lcd.setCursor(13,0);
            lcd.print(" ");
            lcd.print(lightIntensityPercent);
        } else if(lightIntensityPercent < 100) {
            lcd.setCursor(13,0);
            lcd.print(lightIntensityPercent);
        } else {
            lcd.setCursor(12,0);
            lcd.print(lightIntensityPercent);
        }

        previousLCDMillis += lcdUpdateInterval;
    }
}

Answer 2

RP2040没有一个打开按钮的功能，您只需将其写到某个寄存器的某个位置即可打开。

您将不得不执行多个数字读数，并使用一个定时功能，如millis()，以检测什么时候按钮已按住或释放了足够长的时间。您可以使用Pololu中的按钮，按钮库来完成该操作，或者将其代码作为参考来阅读，这样您就可以了解如何实现自己的删除。

您还可以考虑使用PIO状态机读取按钮，并只向主CPU发送新闻/发布事件。

Answer 3

在示例代码中，LCD初始化存在一些问题。begin()的API是

begin(cols, rows, [dotsize]);

其中dotsize是可选的，但用于在5x8或5x10字体大小之间进行选择。你很幸运，用过的东西能起作用：

lcd.begin(0x27, 16, 2);

这会将列设置为39列，将行设置为16 (这不是正确的几何形状)，并根据库代码的工作方式，使用2表示点大小(这不是有效的参数)，最后将字体大小设置为5x10。但由于该字体大小仅适用于单行显示，因此默认为5x8字体。

此外，您还应该考虑使用自动配置构造函数，因此不需要指定i2c地址。有关详细信息，请参阅所包含的文档。类似于API文档和wiki，获得关于hd44780_I2Cexp i/o类的更多文档。

https://github.com/duinoWitchery/hd44780/wiki

I2Cexp