为python中的游戏创建一个冷却时间

Question

我想创造太空入侵者。我想让它，所以你不能只是像疯狂射击，有一个冷却时间，你可以多快射击。

我有这样的代码：

class Laser(Turtle):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.penup()
        self.lasers = []

    def shoot(self):
        new_laser = Turtle(shape="square")
        self.lasers.append(new_laser)
        new_laser.penup()
        new_laser.setheading(90)
        global PLAYER_X
        new_laser.goto(x=PLAYER_X, y=-260)
        new_laser.shapesize(stretch_wid=0.2, stretch_len=2)
        new_laser.color("white")

这是在一个文件中，然后在main.py中的代码

from player import Player, Laser
from turtle import *
import time

screen = Screen()
player = Player()
laser = Laser()

screen.setup(height=600, width=550, starty=-50)
screen.bgcolor("black")
screen.title("Space Invaders")
screen._root.resizable(False, False)
screen.tracer(0)

screen.listen()
screen.onkey(player.go_left, "Left")
screen.onkey(player.go_right, "Right")
screen.onkey(laser.shoot, "space")

while True:
    screen.update()
    time.sleep(0.02)

    for item in laser.lasers:
        item.forward(10)

我想让它，所以我可以增加一个冷却的射击速度，因为如果我投入time.sleep(1)，它冻结了整个东西。有人有什么想法吗？谢谢

Answer 1

您应该使用time来控制它。

开始时，您可以设置变量self.next_shoot = 0，然后在拍摄时检查time.time() >= self.next_shoot，如果是拍摄时间，则创建新的激光并设置self.next_shoot = time.time() + self.delay

完整的工作代码(与其他更改:即。现在您可以继续按下space拍摄)。

import turtle  # PEP8 `import *` is not preferred
import time

class Player(turtle.Turtle):
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.x = 0
        self.y = -250
        
        self.speed = 0
        self.left = False
        self.right = False
        
        self.player = turtle.Turtle(shape="square")
        self.player.penup()
        self.player.setheading(90)
        self.player.color("white")
        self.player.goto(self.x, self.y)
        
    def go_left(self):
        self.left = True
        
    def go_right(self):
        self.right = True

    def stop_left(self):
        self.left = False
        
    def stop_right(self):
        self.right = False

    def move(self):
        self.speed = 0
        
        if self.left:
            self.speed -= 10
        if self.right:
            self.speed += 10
            
        self.x += self.speed
        
        if self.x < -250:
            self.x = -250
        if self.x > 250:
            self.x = 250
            
        self.player.goto(self.x, self.y)
        
class Laser(turtle.Turtle):

    def __init__(self, player):
        super().__init__()

        self.player = player # access player position (without using global variables)

        self.shooting = False
        
        self.penup()
        self.lasers = []
        self.next_shoot = 0  # value as start
        self.delay = 1       # 1 second 

    def start_press(self):
        self.shooting = True
        
    def stop_press(self):
        self.shooting = False
        
    def shoot(self):
        #print(self.next_shoot, time.time())
            
        if time.time() >= self.next_shoot:
            self.next_shoot = time.time() + self.delay
            
            new_laser = turtle.Turtle(shape="square")
            self.lasers.append(new_laser)
            
            new_laser.penup()
            new_laser.setheading(90)
            new_laser.goto(x=player.x, y=-260)
            new_laser.shapesize(stretch_wid=0.2, stretch_len=2)
            new_laser.color("white")

    def move(self):
        if self.shooting:
            self.shoot()
            
        for item in self.lasers:
            item.forward(10)
        
        
screen = turtle.Screen()
player = Player()
laser = Laser(player)

screen.setup(height=600, width=550, starty=-50)
screen.bgcolor("black")
screen.title("Space Invaders")
screen._root.resizable(False, False)
screen.tracer(0)

screen.listen()
screen.onkeypress(player.go_left, "Left")
screen.onkeypress(player.go_right, "Right")
screen.onkeyrelease(player.stop_left, "Left")
screen.onkeyrelease(player.stop_right, "Right")

screen.onkeypress(laser.start_press, "space")
screen.onkeyrelease(laser.stop_press, "space")

while True:
    screen.update()
    time.sleep(0.02)
    player.move()
    laser.move()

Answer 2

使用游戏的滴答系统每2秒钟就会改变屏幕的颜色，你可以在你的项目中用这个来拍摄下来。

import random
import pygame

pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
pygame.display.set_caption("Hello World")
start_ticks = pygame.time.get_ticks()  # starter tick

while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            quit()

    seconds = (pygame.time.get_ticks() - start_ticks)/1000  # convert millisecond to seconds
    if seconds > 2:  # if more than 2 seconds 
        screen.fill((random.randint(0,225), random.randint(0,225), random.randint(0,225)))
        start_ticks = pygame.time.get_ticks()  # reset tick
    pygame.display.update()

示例：

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