Ubuntu22.04 dotnet找不到dotnet

Question

我最近将我的Ubuntu发行版从20个更新到22.04，现在看来我无法正确安装dotnet。我已经安装了dotnet与6，但我现在需要3.1，我不记得如何使用dotnet 6。

我就是这么做的。

$ wget https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/22.04/packages-microsoft-prod.deb -O packages-microsoft-prod.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i packages-microsoft-prod.deb
$ rm packages-microsoft-prod.deb

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install dotnet-sdk-3.1

所有这些命令都圆满完成了。apt-找到dotnet包并安装它。但是，当我调用dotnet --list-sdks时，我看不到3.1。

所以我的想法是，也许dotnet的安装方式不同，并且无法找到使用apt-get安装的SDK(下面，我已经在我的机器上包含了一些dotnet安装的调试信息)。但是如果是这样的话，我该如何安装呢？我在网上看到的任何地方都告诉我，只使用包管理器或快照，但这些工作都没有。

调试信息

一些有用的(让我知道，如果我应该包括更多)调试信息。

$ whereis dotnet

dotnet: /usr/bin/dotnet /usr/lib/dotnet /etc/dotnet /usr/share/dotnet /usr/share/man/man1/dotnet.1.gz

$ dotnet --info

.NET SDK (reflecting any global.json):
 Version:   6.0.109
 Commit:    58a93139d8

Runtime Environment:
 OS Name:     ubuntu
 OS Version:  22.04
 OS Platform: Linux
 RID:         ubuntu.22.04-x64
 Base Path:   /usr/lib/dotnet/dotnet6-6.0.109/sdk/6.0.109/

global.json file:
  Not found

Host:
  Version:      6.0.9
  Architecture: x64
  Commit:       163a63591c

.NET SDKs installed:
  6.0.109 [/usr/lib/dotnet/dotnet6-6.0.109/sdk]

.NET runtimes installed:
  Microsoft.AspNetCore.App 6.0.9 [/usr/lib/dotnet/dotnet6-6.0.109/shared/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App]
  Microsoft.NETCore.App 6.0.9 [/usr/lib/dotnet/dotnet6-6.0.109/shared/Microsoft.NETCore.App]

Download .NET:
  https://aka.ms/dotnet-download

Learn about .NET Runtimes and SDKs:
  https://aka.ms/dotnet/runtimes-sdk-info

$ sudo apt show dotnet -a

Package: dotnet
State: not a real package (virtual)
N: Can't select versions from package 'dotnet' as it is purely virtual
N: No packages found

$ sudo apt show dotnet-sdk-3.1 -a

Package: dotnet-sdk-3.1
Version: 3.1.424-1
Priority: standard
Section: devel
Maintainer: Microsoft <dotnetcore@microsoft.com>
Installed-Size: 198 MB
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.14), libgcc1 (>= 1:3.0), libstdc++6 (>= 4.6), dotnet-targeting-pack-3.1 (>= 3.1.0), netstandard-targeting-pack-2.1 (>= 2.1.0), dotnet-apphost-pack-3.1 (>= 3.1.30), aspnetcore-targeting-pack-3.1 (>= 3.1.10), dotnet-runtime-3.1 (>= 3.1.30), aspnetcore-runtime-3.1 (>= 3.1.30)
Homepage: https://dotnet.github.io/core
Download-Size: 49.8 MB
APT-Manual-Installed: yes
APT-Sources: https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/22.04/prod jammy/main amd64 Packages
Description: Microsoft .NET Core SDK 3.1.424
 .NET Core is a development platform that you can use to build command-line applications, microservices and modern websites. It is open source, cross-platform and is supported by Microsoft. We hope you enjoy using it! If you do, please consider joining the active community of developers that are contributing to the project on GitHub (https://github.com/dotnet/core). We happily accept issues and PRs.

Package: dotnet-sdk-3.1
Version: 3.1.423-1
Priority: standard
Section: devel
Maintainer: Microsoft <dotnetcore@microsoft.com>
Installed-Size: 198 MB
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.14), libgcc1 (>= 1:3.0), libstdc++6 (>= 4.6), dotnet-targeting-pack-3.1 (>= 3.1.0), netstandard-targeting-pack-2.1 (>= 2.1.0), dotnet-apphost-pack-3.1 (>= 3.1.29), aspnetcore-targeting-pack-3.1 (>= 3.1.10), dotnet-runtime-3.1 (>= 3.1.29), aspnetcore-runtime-3.1 (>= 3.1.29)
Homepage: https://dotnet.github.io/core
Download-Size: 49.8 MB
APT-Sources: https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/22.04/prod jammy/main amd64 Packages
Description: Microsoft .NET Core SDK 3.1.423
 .NET Core is a development platform that you can use to build command-line applications, microservices and modern websites. It is open source, cross-platform and is supported by Microsoft. We hope you enjoy using it! If you do, please consider joining the active community of developers that are contributing to the project on GitHub (https://github.com/dotnet/core). We happily accept issues and PRs.

Answer 1

根据这的说法，任何低于6.0的项目都没有官方支持。

下表列出了当前支持的.NET版本及其支持的Ubuntu版本。

Ubuntu          .NET
22.04 (LTS)     6+
20.04 (LTS)     3.1, 6
18.04 (LTS)     3.1, 6
16.04 (LTS)     3.1, 6

在同一页上你可以找到一张便条

Ubuntu22.04包含OpenSSL 3作为基线版本。.NET 6支持OpenSSL 3，而早期的.NET版本则不支持，微软不支持在Ubuntu22.04上使用OpenSSL 1.x进行测试或支持。有关更多信息，请参见.NET 6安全性改进。

其解释是最新的LTS制造了一个打破OpenSSL库从v1.1.x到v3.0.0的开关。

还有一篇文章这里说人们不应该害怕迁移到dotnet 6。

请开始将您的应用程序迁移到.NET 6，特别是.NET 5应用程序。我们从早期的采用者那里听说，从.NET Core3.1和.NET 5升级到.NET 6非常简单。