为什么将Rails从'6.0.4.8‘更新到'6.1.6.1’中断"^“字符串功能？

Question

我正在将我的项目从Rails '6.0.4.8‘升级到'6.1.6.1’。这样做破坏了我的许多rspec测试(正如我所期望的)。但我似乎不明白为什么我有很多表格：

Failure/Error:
    expect(log.errors.full_messages).to(include('error message'))
  
    expected ["attribute name ^error message"] to include "error message"

显然，基于测试的类型有一些细微的变化，但是我不打算在这里发布所有的50个。根据我的理解，"^“应该将字符串修剪为只包含以下所有内容(即，去掉属性名并保留错误消息)。这在更新的版本中被改变了吗？无论如何，这是在检查是否包含，而不是完全匹配，所以奇怪的是，它失败了。

以下是我更新的软件包：

-gem 'rails', '6.0.4.8'
+gem 'rails', '6.1.6.1'

-gem 'acts-as-taggable-on', '~> 6.0'
+gem 'acts-as-taggable-on', '~> 7.0'

-  gem 'rspec-rails', '4.0.0.beta3'
+  gem 'rspec-rails', '4.1.2'

-    actioncable (6.0.4.8)
-      actionpack (= 6.0.4.8)
+    actioncable (6.1.6.1)
+      actionpack (= 6.1.6.1)
+      activesupport (= 6.1.6.1)

-    actionmailbox (6.0.4.8)
-      actionpack (= 6.0.4.8)
-      activejob (= 6.0.4.8)
-      activerecord (= 6.0.4.8)
-      activestorage (= 6.0.4.8)
-      activesupport (= 6.0.4.8)
+    actionmailbox (6.1.6.1)
+      actionpack (= 6.1.6.1)
+      activejob (= 6.1.6.1)
+      activerecord (= 6.1.6.1)
+      activestorage (= 6.1.6.1)
+      activesupport (= 6.1.6.1)

-    actionmailer (6.0.4.8)
-      actionpack (= 6.0.4.8)
-      actionview (= 6.0.4.8)
-      activejob (= 6.0.4.8)
+    actionmailer (6.1.6.1)
+      actionpack (= 6.1.6.1)
+      actionview (= 6.1.6.1)
+      activejob (= 6.1.6.1)
+      activesupport (= 6.1.6.1)

-    actionpack (6.0.4.8)
-      actionview (= 6.0.4.8)
-      activesupport (= 6.0.4.8)
-      rack (~> 2.0, >= 2.0.8)
+    actionpack (6.1.6.1)
+      actionview (= 6.1.6.1)
+      activesupport (= 6.1.6.1)
+      rack (~> 2.0, >= 2.0.9)

-    actiontext (6.0.4.8)
-      actionpack (= 6.0.4.8)
-      activerecord (= 6.0.4.8)
-      activestorage (= 6.0.4.8)
-      activesupport (= 6.0.4.8)
+    actiontext (6.1.6.1)
+      actionpack (= 6.1.6.1)
+      activerecord (= 6.1.6.1)
+      activestorage (= 6.1.6.1)
+      activesupport (= 6.1.6.1)

-    actionview (6.0.4.8)
-      activesupport (= 6.0.4.8)
+    actionview (6.1.6.1)
+      activesupport (= 6.1.6.1)

-    activejob (6.0.4.8)
-      activesupport (= 6.0.4.8)
+    activejob (6.1.6.1)
+      activesupport (= 6.1.6.1)

-    activemodel (6.0.4.8)
-      activesupport (= 6.0.4.8)
-    activerecord (6.0.4.8)
-      activemodel (= 6.0.4.8)
-      activesupport (= 6.0.4.8)
-    activestorage (6.0.4.8)
-      actionpack (= 6.0.4.8)
-      activejob (= 6.0.4.8)
-      activerecord (= 6.0.4.8)
-      marcel (~> 1.0.0)
-    activesupport (6.0.4.8)
+    activemodel (6.1.6.1)
+      activesupport (= 6.1.6.1)
+    activerecord (6.1.6.1)
+      activemodel (= 6.1.6.1)
+      activesupport (= 6.1.6.1)
+    activestorage (6.1.6.1)
+      actionpack (= 6.1.6.1)
+      activejob (= 6.1.6.1)
+      activerecord (= 6.1.6.1)
+      activesupport (= 6.1.6.1)
+      marcel (~> 1.0)
+      mini_mime (>= 1.1.0)
+    activesupport (6.1.6.1)

-      i18n (>= 0.7, < 2)
-      minitest (~> 5.1)
-      tzinfo (~> 1.1)
-      zeitwerk (~> 2.2, >= 2.2.2)
-    acts-as-taggable-on (6.5.0)
-      activerecord (>= 5.0, < 6.1)
+      i18n (>= 1.6, < 2)
+      minitest (>= 5.1)
+      tzinfo (~> 2.0)
+      zeitwerk (~> 2.3)
+    acts-as-taggable-on (7.0.0)
+      activerecord (>= 5.0, < 6.2)

-    autoprefixer-rails (10.4.2.0)
+    autoprefixer-rails (10.4.7.0)

-    bcrypt (3.1.17)
+    bcrypt (3.1.18)

-    bootsnap (1.11.1)
+    bootsnap (1.13.0)

-    capybara (3.36.0)
+    capybara (3.37.1)

-    erubi (1.10.0)
-    excon (0.92.3)
+    erubi (1.11.0)
+    excon (0.92.4)

-    faker (2.20.0)
+    faker (2.22.0)

-    faraday (1.10.0)
-      faraday-em_http (~> 1.0)
-      faraday-em_synchrony (~> 1.0)
-      faraday-excon (~> 1.1)
-      faraday-httpclient (~> 1.0)
-      faraday-multipart (~> 1.0)
-      faraday-net_http (~> 1.0)
-      faraday-net_http_persistent (~> 1.0)
-      faraday-patron (~> 1.0)
-      faraday-rack (~> 1.0)
-      faraday-retry (~> 1.0)
+    faraday (2.4.0)
+      faraday-net_http (~> 2.0)

-    faraday-em_http (1.0.0)
-    faraday-em_synchrony (1.0.0)
-    faraday-excon (1.1.0)
-    faraday-httpclient (1.0.1)
-    faraday-multipart (1.0.3)
-      multipart-post (>= 1.2, < 3)
-    faraday-net_http (1.0.1)
-    faraday-net_http_persistent (1.2.0)
-    faraday-patron (1.0.0)
-    faraday-rack (1.0.0)
-    faraday-retry (1.0.3)
+    faraday-net_http (2.1.0)
+    faraday-retry (2.0.0)
+      faraday (~> 2.0)

-    fog-google (1.18.0)
+    fog-google (1.19.0)

-    gapic-common (0.8.0)
-      faraday (~> 1.3)
+    gapic-common (0.11.1)
+      faraday (>= 1.9, < 3.a)
+      faraday-retry (>= 1.0, < 3.a)

-      googleapis-common-protos (>= 1.3.11, < 2.a)
-      googleapis-common-protos-types (>= 1.0.6, < 2.a)
-      googleauth (>= 0.17.0, < 2.a)
+      googleapis-common-protos (>= 1.3.12, < 2.a)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (>= 1.3.1, < 2.a)
+      googleauth (~> 1.0)

-    globalize (6.1.0)
+    globalize (6.2.1)

-    google-apis-compute_v1 (0.34.0)
-      google-apis-core (>= 0.4, < 2.a)
-    google-apis-core (0.4.2)
+    google-apis-compute_v1 (0.45.0)
+      google-apis-core (>= 0.7, < 2.a)
+    google-apis-core (0.7.0)

-    google-apis-dns_v1 (0.19.0)
-      google-apis-core (>= 0.4, < 2.a)
-    google-apis-iamcredentials_v1 (0.10.0)
-      google-apis-core (>= 0.4, < 2.a)
-    google-apis-monitoring_v3 (0.24.0)
-      google-apis-core (>= 0.4, < 2.a)
-    google-apis-pubsub_v1 (0.17.0)
-      google-apis-core (>= 0.4, < 2.a)
-    google-apis-sqladmin_v1beta4 (0.27.0)
-      google-apis-core (>= 0.4, < 2.a)
-    google-apis-storage_v1 (0.13.0)
-      google-apis-core (>= 0.4, < 2.a)
+    google-apis-dns_v1 (0.23.0)
+      google-apis-core (>= 0.7, < 2.a)
+    google-apis-iamcredentials_v1 (0.13.0)
+      google-apis-core (>= 0.7, < 2.a)
+    google-apis-monitoring_v3 (0.32.0)
+      google-apis-core (>= 0.7, < 2.a)
+    google-apis-pubsub_v1 (0.24.0)
+      google-apis-core (>= 0.7, < 2.a)
+    google-apis-sqladmin_v1beta4 (0.32.0)
+      google-apis-core (>= 0.7, < 2.a)
+    google-apis-storage_v1 (0.17.0)
+      google-apis-core (>= 0.7, < 2.a)

-    google-cloud-error_reporting-v1beta1 (0.4.5)
-      gapic-common (>= 0.7, < 2.a)
+    google-cloud-error_reporting-v1beta1 (0.5.0)
+      gapic-common (>= 0.10, < 2.a)

-    google-cloud-functions (1.1.3)
+    google-cloud-functions (1.2.0)

-    google-cloud-functions-v1 (0.6.0)
-      gapic-common (>= 0.7, < 2.a)
+    google-cloud-functions-v1 (0.8.0)
+      gapic-common (>= 0.10, < 2.a)

-    google-cloud-logging (2.2.2)
+    google-cloud-logging (2.3.1)

-    google-cloud-logging-v2 (0.7.0)
-      gapic-common (>= 0.7, < 2.a)
+    google-cloud-logging-v2 (0.8.1)
+      gapic-common (>= 0.10, < 2.a)

-    google-cloud-storage (1.36.2)
+    google-cloud-storage (1.38.0)

-      google-apis-storage_v1 (~> 0.1)
+      google-apis-storage_v1 (~> 0.17.0)

-    google-cloud-trace (0.41.3)
+    google-cloud-trace (0.42.1)

-    google-cloud-trace-v1 (0.3.5)
-      gapic-common (>= 0.7, < 2.a)
+    google-cloud-trace-v1 (0.4.0)
+      gapic-common (>= 0.10, < 2.a)

-    google-cloud-trace-v2 (0.3.5)
-      gapic-common (>= 0.7, < 2.a)
+    google-cloud-trace-v2 (0.4.0)
+      gapic-common (>= 0.10, < 2.a)

-    google-protobuf (3.20.1)
+    google-protobuf (3.21.4)

-    googleapis-common-protos-types (1.3.1)
+    googleapis-common-protos-types (1.3.2)

-    googleauth (1.1.3)
+    googleauth (1.2.0)

-    grpc (1.45.0)
+    grpc (1.48.0)

-    grpc-google-iam-v1 (1.1.0)
+    grpc-google-iam-v1 (1.1.1)

-    http-cookie (1.0.4)
+    http-cookie (1.0.5)

-    i18n (1.10.0)
+    i18n (1.12.0)

-    jquery-rails (4.4.0)
+    jquery-rails (4.5.0)

-    json (2.6.1)
-    jwt (2.3.0)
+    json (2.6.2)
+    jwt (2.4.1)

-    minitest (5.15.0)
+    minitest (5.16.2)

-    momentjs-rails (2.29.1.1)
+    momentjs-rails (2.29.4.1)

-    msgpack (1.5.1)
+    msgpack (1.5.4)

-    multipart-post (2.1.1)
-    mysql2 (0.5.3)
+    mysql2 (0.5.4)

-    nokogiri (1.13.6)
+    nokogiri (1.13.8)

-    oj (3.13.11)
+    oj (3.13.19)

-    pdf-reader (2.9.2)
+    pdf-reader (2.10.0)

-    phony (2.19.11)
+    phony (2.20.0)

-    rack (2.2.3.1)
+    rack (2.2.4)

-    rack-test (1.1.0)
-      rack (>= 1.0, < 3)
-    rails (6.0.4.8)
-      actioncable (= 6.0.4.8)
-      actionmailbox (= 6.0.4.8)
-      actionmailer (= 6.0.4.8)
-      actionpack (= 6.0.4.8)
-      actiontext (= 6.0.4.8)
-      actionview (= 6.0.4.8)
-      activejob (= 6.0.4.8)
-      activemodel (= 6.0.4.8)
-      activerecord (= 6.0.4.8)
-      activestorage (= 6.0.4.8)
-      activesupport (= 6.0.4.8)
-      bundler (>= 1.3.0)
-      railties (= 6.0.4.8)
+    rack-test (2.0.2)
+      rack (>= 1.3)
+    rails (6.1.6.1)
+      actioncable (= 6.1.6.1)
+      actionmailbox (= 6.1.6.1)
+      actionmailer (= 6.1.6.1)
+      actionpack (= 6.1.6.1)
+      actiontext (= 6.1.6.1)
+      actionview (= 6.1.6.1)
+      activejob (= 6.1.6.1)
+      activemodel (= 6.1.6.1)
+      activerecord (= 6.1.6.1)
+      activestorage (= 6.1.6.1)
+      activesupport (= 6.1.6.1)
+      bundler (>= 1.15.0)
+      railties (= 6.1.6.1)

-    rails-i18n (7.0.3)
+    rails-i18n (7.0.5)

-    railties (6.0.4.8)
-      actionpack (= 6.0.4.8)
-      activesupport (= 6.0.4.8)
+    railties (6.1.6.1)
+      actionpack (= 6.1.6.1)
+      activesupport (= 6.1.6.1)

-      rake (>= 0.8.7)
-      thor (>= 0.20.3, < 2.0)
+      rake (>= 12.2)
+      thor (~> 1.0)

-    regexp_parser (2.3.1)
-    representable (3.1.1)
+    regexp_parser (2.5.0)
+    representable (3.2.0)

-    rmagick (4.2.5)
+    rmagick (4.2.6)

-    rspec-rails (4.0.0.beta3)
+    rspec-rails (4.1.2)

-      rspec-core (~> 3.8)
-      rspec-expectations (~> 3.8)
-      rspec-mocks (~> 3.8)
-      rspec-support (~> 3.8)
+      rspec-core (~> 3.10)
+      rspec-expectations (~> 3.10)
+      rspec-mocks (~> 3.10)
+      rspec-support (~> 3.10)

-    rubocop (1.28.2)
+    rubocop (1.33.0)
+      json (~> 2.3)

-      rexml
-      rubocop-ast (>= 1.17.0, < 2.0)
+      rexml (>= 3.2.5, < 4.0)
+      rubocop-ast (>= 1.19.1, < 2.0)

-    rubocop-ast (1.17.0)
+    rubocop-ast (1.19.1)

-    rubocop-performance (1.13.3)
+    rubocop-performance (1.14.3)

-    rubocop-rails (2.14.2)
+    rubocop-rails (2.15.2)

-    rubocop-rspec (2.10.0)
-      rubocop (~> 1.19)
+    rubocop-rspec (2.12.1)
+      rubocop (~> 1.31)

-    sdoc (2.3.2)
+    sdoc (2.4.0)

-    selenium-webdriver (4.1.0)
+    selenium-webdriver (4.3.0)

-      rubyzip (>= 1.2.2)
-    shopify_api (10.0.3)
+      rubyzip (>= 1.2.2, < 3.0)
+      websocket (~> 1.0)
+    shopify_api (11.0.1)

-    signet (0.16.1)
+    signet (0.17.0)

-      faraday (>= 0.17.5, < 3.0)
+      faraday (>= 0.17.5, < 3.a)

-    sorbet-runtime (0.5.9959)
+    sorbet-runtime (0.5.10274)

-    ssrf_filter (1.0.7)
+    ssrf_filter (1.0.8)

-    thread_safe (0.3.6)
-    tilt (2.0.10)
+    tilt (2.0.11)

-    tzinfo (1.2.10)
-      thread_safe (~> 0.1)
+    tzinfo (2.0.5)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)

-    unf_ext (0.0.8.1)
-    unicode-display_width (2.1.0)
+    unf_ext (0.0.8.2)
+    unicode-display_width (2.2.0)

+    websocket (1.2.9)

-    zeitwerk (2.5.4)
+    zeitwerk (2.6.0)

-  acts-as-taggable-on (~> 6.0)
+  acts-as-taggable-on (~> 7.0)

-  rails (= 6.0.4.8)
+  rails (= 6.1.6.1)

-  rspec-rails (= 4.0.0.beta3)
+  rspec-rails (= 4.1.2)

如果我漏掉了什么细节就告诉我。

就像这可能是非常重要的细节：

$ bundle exec ruby --version
ruby 2.7.5p203 (2021-11-24 revision f69aeb8314) [x86_64-linux-musl]

这是：

$ cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Alpine Linux"
ID=alpine
VERSION_ID=3.15.4
PRETTY_NAME="Alpine Linux v3.15"
HOME_URL="https://alpinelinux.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.alpinelinux.org/"

为了更好的衡量：

$ bundle exec rspec --version
RSpec 3.11
  - rspec-core 3.11.0
  - rspec-expectations 3.11.0
  - rspec-mocks 3.11.1
  - rspec-rails 4.1.2
  - rspec-support 3.11.0

现在请随便把我撕成碎片;-)

Answer 1

您观察到的行为是，以^开头的错误消息在调用full_messages时省略了属性名，这从来不是默认的Rails特性。

相反，custom-err-msg或基于该插件的gems等插件被用来将这种行为添加到Rails中。其他选项是重写Rails方法以添加此功能。有关过去是如何做到这一点的更多示例，请参阅此老问题。

由于Rails 6.1中的大多数技术不再有效，因为在Rails 6.1中，错误不再是属性键和消息字符串的简单散列。这个拉请求引入了一个用Rails 6.1封装错误消息的ActiveModel::Error模型。

实现您正在寻找的行为的推荐方法是利用本地化框架并覆盖Rails在调用full_messages时使用的默认错误消息格式。这可以在不同的层次上完成，应用程序范围很广，只适用于一个模型，甚至只适用于一个特定的属性。

例如，当您想省略属性名称时，只想显示Post#title错误的错误消息，然后将以下内容添加到config/locales.en.yml中

# config/locales/en.yml

en:
  activerecord:
    errors:
      models:
        post:
          attributes:
            title:
              format: "%{message}" # default is "#{attribute} #{message}"

我建议看看这篇博客文章，它提供了大量的示例，如何根据您的需要定制错误消息。