(D:\code\ido-jira-plug\IdoJiraPlug\jira_plug\utils\rule.py)：无法从“jira_plug.utils.rule”jira_plug.utils.rule导入名称“get_rule_detail”

Question

我的Django项目启动时有问题

2022-09-01 09:22:51,525 [MainThread:25612] [django.utils.autoreload:612] [INFO]- Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Exception in thread django-main-thread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python37\lib\threading.py", line 926, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "C:\Python37\lib\threading.py", line 870, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "C:\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 118, in inner_run
    self.check(display_num_errors=True)
  File "C:\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 396, in check
    databases=databases,
  File "C:\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\registry.py", line 70, in run_checks
    new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs, databases=databases)
  File "C:\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\urls.py", line 13, in check_url_config
    return check_resolver(resolver)
  File "C:\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\urls.py", line 23, in check_resolver
    return check_method()
  File "C:\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\urls\resolvers.py", line 408, in check
    for pattern in self.url_patterns:
  File "C:\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py", line 48, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "C:\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\urls\resolvers.py", line 589, in url_patterns
    patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
  File "C:\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py", line 48, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "C:\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\urls\resolvers.py", line 582, in urlconf_module
    return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
  File "C:\Python37\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "D:\code\ido-jira-plug\IdoJiraPlug\IdoJiraPlug\urls.py", line 23, in <module>
    path('jira/', include('jira_plug.urls', namespace='jira_plug')),
  File "C:\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\urls\conf.py", line 34, in include
    urlconf_module = import_module(urlconf_module)
  File "C:\Python37\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "D:\code\ido-jira-plug\IdoJiraPlug\jira_plug\urls.py", line 5, in <module>
    from . import api
  File "D:\code\ido-jira-plug\IdoJiraPlug\jira_plug\api\__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    from .config import *
  File "D:\code\ido-jira-plug\IdoJiraPlug\jira_plug\api\config.py", line 5, in <module>
    from jira_plug.utils import JiraAction
  File "D:\code\ido-jira-plug\IdoJiraPlug\jira_plug\utils\__init__.py", line 6, in <module>
    from .rule import *
  File "D:\code\ido-jira-plug\IdoJiraPlug\jira_plug\utils\rule.py", line 4, in <module>
    from jira_plug.serializers import RuleConfigInfoSerializer
  File "D:\code\ido-jira-plug\IdoJiraPlug\jira_plug\serializers\__init__.py", line 4, in <module>
    from .request_serializer import *
  File "D:\code\ido-jira-plug\IdoJiraPlug\jira_plug\serializers\request_serializer.py", line 6, in <module>
    from jira_plug.utils import JiraAction, get_msg_data, get_rule_detail, handle_message_content
ImportError: cannot import name 'get_rule_detail' from 'jira_plug.utils' (D:\code\ido-jira-plug\IdoJiraPlug\jira_plug\utils\__init__.py)

这是我的项目

IdoJiraPlug
    - jira_plug
        - __init__.py
        - api
            __init__.py
            config.py
        - serializers
            __init__.py
            request_serializer.py
        - utils
            __init__.py
            rule.py
        - urls.py
    - manage.py

jira_plug.utils.__init__.py

from .rule import *

jira_plug.utils.rule.py

...
from jira_plug.serializers import RuleConfigInfoSerializer
...

jira_plug.serializers.__init__.py

from .request_serializer import *

jira_plug.serializers.request_serializer.py

...
from jira_plug.utils import JiraAction, get_msg_data, get_rule_detail, handle_message_content
...

我觉得这是因为rule.py和request_serializer.py相互导入，但我不知道真正的原因。我尝试使用“from jira_plug.utils.rule import get_rule_detail，handle_message_content”，但它仍然存在此错误。

Answer 1

在jira_plug应用程序中的utils.py文件中，您没有get_rule_detail类或函数或变量名称。

如果您确信它是存在的-请尝试检查utils.py中的每个字母，您可能会发现错误。

Answer 2

我解决这个问题的真正原因是import_module().python循环导入.When django启动，urls.py将由开始按jira_plug.urls.py逐步加载模块。

1. jira_plug.urls.py，5行：from . import api，然后python将加载jira_plug.api.__init__.py module.
2. jira_plug.api.__init__.py，3行：from .config import *，然后python将加载jira_plug.api.config.py module.
3. jira_plug.api.config.py，5行：from jira_plug.utils import JiraAction，然后python将加载jira_plug.utils.__init__.py module.
4. jira_plug.utils.__init__.py，6行：from .rule import *，然后python将加载jira_plug.utils.rule.py module.
5. jira_plug.utils.rule.py，4行：from jira_plug.serializers import RuleConfigInfoSerializer，然后python将加载jira_plug.serializers.__init__.py module.
6. jira_plug.serializers.__init__.py，。4行：jira_plug.serializers.request_serializer.py module.
7. jira_plug.serializers.request_serializer.py，：from .request_serializer import *，然后python将加载from .request_serializer import *6行：from jira_plug.utils import JiraAction, get_msg_data, get_rule_detail, handle_message_content，然后python将加载jira_plug.utils包。

第5步、第6步和第7步导致这个错误。A->B-> A，模块A没有加载，B模块也加载A模块，所以解释器导致了"ImportError“。

最好的解决方案是计划抽象公共包。

临时解决方案是修改jira_plug.api.config.py.

# from jira_plug.utils import JiraAction
from jira_plug.utils.call_jira import JiraAction

这将导致在第3步之后消失，但这是一个隐藏的危险，我已经抽象了一些常用的方法。这个解决方案只是一个例子！