'(TypleClass) =>字符串‘不是类型(动态) =>字符串的子类型

Question

首先，我已经在Flutter的团队存储库上提交了一个问题，因为对我来说，这是一个关于Flutter/Dart的问题，但也许我错了。

复制步骤

1. 在代码flutter run上执行示例
2. 有两种类型的流以类似的方式运行，我创建了上面的项目来表示这些场景
3. 您将发现两个按钮，在每种情况下，这些按钮都将被重定向到一个可以触发每次故障的新页面。

预期的结果：在“小部件示例”中创建一个具有类型属性的通用有状态小部件TypeErrorWidget<T>：

final IdMapper<T> idMapper;

其中IdMapper<T>被定义为：

typedef IdMapper<T> = String Function(T item);

稍后，将在状态内访问此属性，以映射可迭代的项并提取ids，并提供如下函数：

_itemsIds = widget.items.map((e) {
      return widget.idMapper(e);
    }).toList();

我希望得到I作为List<String>的列表

实际结果：

但是，当运行时到达这一行时，它会失败地抱怨以下几点：'(ExampleListItem) => String' is not a subtype of type '(dynamic) => String'，它没有多大意义，因为dynamic应该包含我的自定义类型。

代码样本

lib/presentation/widgets/type_error_widget.dart

class TypeErrorWidget<T> extends StatefulWidget {
  final Iterable<T> items;
  final IdMapper<T> idMapper;

  const TypeErrorWidget({
    Key? key,
    required this.items,
    required this.idMapper,
  }) : super(key: key);

  @override
  State<TypeErrorWidget> createState() => _TypeErrorWidgetState();
}

class _TypeErrorWidgetState extends State<TypeErrorWidget> {
  late List<String> _itemsIds;

  @override
  void initState() {
    _itemsIds = widget.items.map((e) {
      return widget.idMapper(e); <- it throws!
    }).toList();
    super.initState();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Column(
      children: [
        const Text("I'll crash"),
        Text(_itemsIds.toString()),
      ],
    );
  }
}

class WidgetExamplePage extends StatefulWidget {
  const WidgetExamplePage({super.key});

  @override
  State<WidgetExamplePage> createState() => _WidgetExamplePageState();
}

class _WidgetExamplePageState extends State<WidgetExamplePage> {
  bool _makeItCrash = false;
  bool _makeItWork = false;

  final List<ExampleListItem> _items = const [
    ExampleListItem(
      id: "id1",
      title: "Title1",
    ),
    ExampleListItem(
      id: "id2",
      title: "Title2",
    ),
  ];

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: const Text("Widget error")),
      body: Center(
        child: Column(
          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
          crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,
          children: [
            if (_makeItCrash)
              TypeErrorWidget<ExampleListItem>(
                items: _items,
                idMapper: (item) {
                  return item.id;
                },
              ),
            ElevatedButton(
              onPressed: () {
                setState(() {
                  _makeItWork = false;
                  _makeItCrash = true;
                });
              },
              child: const Text("Make it crash"),
            ),
            if (_makeItWork && !_makeItCrash)
              TypeWorkaroundWidget<ExampleListItem>(
                items: _items,
                idMapper: (item) {
                  return item.id;
                },
              ),
            if (!_makeItCrash)
              ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: () {
                  setState(() {
                    _makeItWork = true;
                    _makeItCrash = false;
                  });
                },
                child: const Text("Make it works"),
              ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

 Logs  

The following _TypeError was thrown building KeyedSubtree-[GlobalKey#196d8]:
type '(ExampleListItem) => String' is not a subtype of type '(dynamic) => String'

The relevant error-causing widget was:
  Scaffold
  Scaffold:file:///Users/victor/Documents/personal/development/flutter/type_issues/lib/presentation/pages/widget_example_page.dart:29:12

When the exception was thrown, this was the stack:
#0      _TypeErrorWidgetState.initState.<anonymous closure> (package:type_issues/presentation/widgets/type_error_widget.dart:26:21)
#1      MappedListIterable.elementAt (dart:_internal/iterable.dart:413:31)
#2      ListIterator.moveNext (dart:_internal/iterable.dart:342:26)
#3      new _GrowableList._ofEfficientLengthIterable (dart:core-patch/growable_array.dart:189:27)
#4      new _GrowableList.of (dart:core-patch/growable_array.dart:150:28)
#5      new List.of (dart:core-patch/array_patch.dart:51:28)
#6      ListIterable.toList (dart:_internal/iterable.dart:213:44)
#7      _TypeErrorWidgetState.initState (package:type_issues/presentation/widgets/type_error_widget.dart:27:8)
#8      StatefulElement._firstBuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5015:57)
#9      ComponentElement.mount (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4853:5)
#10     Element.inflateWidget (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3863:16)
#11     MultiChildRenderObjectElement.inflateWidget (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:6435:36)
#12     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3592:18)
#13     RenderObjectElement.updateChildren (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5964:32)
#14     MultiChildRenderObjectElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:6460:17)
#15     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#16     SingleChildRenderObjectElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:6307:14)
#17     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#18     ComponentElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4904:16)
#19     Element.rebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4604:5)
#20     StatelessElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4956:5)
#21     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#22     ComponentElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4904:16)
#23     Element.rebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4604:5)
#24     StatelessElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4956:5)
#25     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#26     ComponentElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4904:16)
#27     Element.rebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4604:5)
#28     ProxyElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5228:5)
#29     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#30     ComponentElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4904:16)
#31     Element.rebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4604:5)
#32     ProxyElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5228:5)
#33     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#34     RenderObjectElement.updateChildren (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5904:32)
#35     MultiChildRenderObjectElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:6460:17)
#36     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#37     ComponentElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4904:16)
#38     Element.rebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4604:5)
#39     ProxyElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5228:5)
#40     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#41     ComponentElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4904:16)
#42     StatefulElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5050:11)
#43     Element.rebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4604:5)
#44     StatefulElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5082:5)
#45     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#46     ComponentElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4904:16)
#47     StatefulElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5050:11)
#48     Element.rebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4604:5)
#49     StatefulElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5082:5)
#50     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#51     ComponentElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4904:16)
#52     Element.rebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4604:5)
#53     ProxyElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5228:5)
#54     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#55     ComponentElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4904:16)
#56     StatefulElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5050:11)
#57     Element.rebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4604:5)
#58     StatefulElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5082:5)
#59     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#60     SingleChildRenderObjectElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:6307:14)
#61     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#62     ComponentElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4904:16)
#63     Element.rebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4604:5)
#64     ProxyElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5228:5)
#65     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#66     SingleChildRenderObjectElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:6307:14)
#67     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#68     ComponentElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4904:16)
#69     StatefulElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5050:11)
#70     Element.rebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4604:5)
#71     StatefulElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5082:5)
#72     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#73     ComponentElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4904:16)
#74     StatefulElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5050:11)
#75     Element.rebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4604:5)
#76     StatefulElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5082:5)
#77     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#78     ComponentElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4904:16)
#79     Element.rebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4604:5)
#80     ProxyElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5228:5)
#81     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#82     ComponentElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4904:16)
#83     Element.rebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4604:5)
#84     ProxyElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5228:5)
#85     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#86     ComponentElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4904:16)
#87     Element.rebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4604:5)
#88     ProxyElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5228:5)
#89     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#90     ComponentElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4904:16)
#91     StatefulElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5050:11)
#92     Element.rebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4604:5)
#93     StatefulElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5082:5)
#94     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#95     ComponentElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4904:16)
#96     Element.rebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4604:5)
#97     ProxyElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5228:5)
#98     Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#99     ComponentElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4904:16)
#100    StatefulElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5050:11)
#101    Element.rebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4604:5)
#102    StatefulElement.update (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5082:5)
#103    Element.updateChild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:3570:15)
#104    ComponentElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4904:16)
#105    StatefulElement.performRebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:5050:11)
#106    Element.rebuild (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:4604:5)
#107    BuildOwner.buildScope (package:flutter/src/widgets/framework.dart:2667:19)
#108    WidgetsBinding.drawFrame (package:flutter/src/widgets/binding.dart:882:21)
#109    RendererBinding._handlePersistentFrameCallback (package:flutter/src/rendering/binding.dart:378:5)
#110    SchedulerBinding._invokeFrameCallback (package:flutter/src/scheduler/binding.dart:1175:15)
#111    SchedulerBinding.handleDrawFrame (package:flutter/src/scheduler/binding.dart:1104:9)
#112    SchedulerBinding._handleDrawFrame (package:flutter/src/scheduler/binding.dart:1015:5)
#113    _invoke (dart:ui/hooks.dart:148:13)
#114    PlatformDispatcher._drawFrame (dart:ui/platform_dispatcher.dart:318:5)
#115    _drawFrame (dart:ui/hooks.dart:115:31)

为了解决这个问题，我需要通过其构造函数将小部件属性向下传递到小部件状态：

lib/presentation/widgets/type_error_workaround.dart

...
@override
  State<TypeWorkaroundWidget> createState() => _TypeErrorWidgetState<T>(
        idMapper: idMapper,
      );

...

class _TypeErrorWidgetState<T> extends State<TypeWorkaroundWidget> {
  late List<String> _itemsIds;
  final IdMapper<T> idMapper;

  _TypeErrorWidgetState({
    required this.idMapper,
  });

  @override
  void initState() {
    _itemsIds = widget.items.map((e) {
      return idMapper(e) <-- it won't throw;
    }).toList();
    super.initState();
  }

除了我已经找到了解决办法的这个问题之外，我还有一个类似的问题，在本例中，我使用的是Freezed类型类：

lib/utils/types/freezed_example_type.dart

@freezed
class FreezedExampleType<T extends Object> with _$ExampleClass<T> {
  factory FreezedExampleType.example({
    required TypedFnExample<T> callback,
  }) = _Example<T>;
}

typedef TypedFnExample<T> = String Function(T item);

其思想是，稍后我可以将许多FreezedExampleType实例推到数组中，然后我可以根据类类型将一些逻辑放入其中，在我的示例中，我只通过按一个项简化了这一点：

class FreezedPage extends StatefulWidget {
  const FreezedPage({super.key});

  @override
  State<FreezedPage> createState() => _FreezedPageState();
}

class _FreezedPageState extends State<FreezedPage> {
  bool _makeItCrash = false;
  bool _makeItWork = false;

  List<FreezedExampleType> exampleType = List<FreezedExampleType>.of([]);

  @override
  void initState() {
    exampleType.add(
      FreezedExampleType<ExampleListItem>.example(
        callback: (item) {
          return item.id;
        },
      ),
    );
    super.initState();
  }
...

稍后，我们访问数组上的类型并尝试对它的类型化属性采取行动：

_userType() {
    const item = ExampleListItem(
      id: "exampleId",
      title: "Example Title",
    );
    print(
      exampleType.first.mapOrNull(
        example: (value) {
          return value.callback(item); <- This will throw! =c
        },
      ),
    );
  }

不幸的是，这会引发相同类型的错误：type '(ExampleListItem) => String' is not a subtype of type '(Object) => String'

Logs      ```   type '(ExampleListItem) => String' is not a subtype of type '(Object) => String' 

当抛出异常时，这是堆栈：#0 _FreezedPageState._userType。(package:type_issues/presentation/pages/freezed_example_page.dart:86:24) #1 _$_Example.mapOrNull (package:type_issues/utils/types/freezed_example_type.freezed.dart:198:21) #2 _FreezedPageState._userType (package:type_issues/presentation/pages/freezed_example_page.dart:84:25) #3 _FreezedPageState.build.(package:type_issues/presentation/pages/freezed_example_page.dart:51:17) #4 _InkResponseState.handleTap #5 GestureRecognizer.invokeCallback (package:flutter/src/gestures/recognizer.dart:253:24) #6 TapGestureRecognizer.handleTapUp (package:flutter/src/gestures/tap.dart:627:11) #7 BaseTapGestureRecognizer._checkUp (包装:颤振/src/手势/(package:flutter/src/gestures/recognizer.dart:615:9) #9 PrimaryPointerGestureRecognizer.handleEvent #10 PointerRouter._dispatch PointerRouter._dispatchEventToRoutes #11 PointerRouter._dispatchEventToRoutes。(package:flutter/src/gestures/pointer_router.dart:143:9) #12 _LinkedHashMapMixin.forEach #13 PointerRouter._dispatchEventToRoutes (package:flutter/src/gestures/pointer_router.dart:141:18) #14 PointerRouter.route (package:flutter/src/gestures/pointer_router.dart:127:7) #15 GestureBinding.handleEvent (包装:颤振/src/手势/binding.dart)：:460:19) #16 (package:flutter/src/gestures/binding.dart:440:22) #17 RendererBinding.dispatchEvent (package:flutter/src/rendering/binding.dart:337:11) #18 GestureBinding._handlePointerEventImmediately (package:flutter/src/gestures/binding.dart:395:7) #19 GestureBinding.handlePointerEvent (package:flutter/src/gestures/binding.dart:357:5) #20 GestureBinding._flushPointerEventQueuesrc/ GestureBinding._handlePointerDataPacket /binding.dart:314:7) #21 GestureBinding._handlePointerDataPacket #22 _invoke1 (飞镖:ui/hooks.dart:167:13) #23 PlatformDispatcher._dispatchPointerDataPacket (飞镖:ui/platform_Dispatcher.dart:341:7) #24 _dispatchPointerDataPacket (飞镖:ui/hooks.dart:94:31)

处理器："onTap“识别器: TapGestureRecognizer#90ba6

</details>


[1]: https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/110718

Answer 1

在TypeErrorWidget的state类中，将Type设置如下：

class TypeErrorWidget<T> extends StatefulWidget {
  final Iterable<T> items;
  final IdMapper<T> idMapper;

  const TypeErrorWidget({
    Key? key,
    required this.items,
    required this.idMapper,
  }) : super(key: key);

  @override
  State<TypeErrorWidget<T>> createState() => _TypeErrorWidgetState<T>();
}

class _TypeErrorWidgetState<T> extends State<TypeErrorWidget<T>> {
  late List<String> _itemsIds;

  @override
  void initState() {
    _itemsIds = widget.items.map((e) {
      return widget.idMapper(e);
    }).toList();
    super.initState();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Column(
      children: [
        const Text("I'll crash"),
        Text(_itemsIds.toString()),
      ],
    );
  }
}