如何使生成文件生成到obj/文件夹，而不是src/文件夹？

Question

我正在扩展一个旧的学校项目，我有课程人员为我们制作的Makefile。我已经像这样重新组织了这个项目的目录结构。

+-----obj
|
+-----src
|     |
|     +-Makefile
|     +-allocator.h
|     +-debug_break.h
|     +-rbtree_clrs.c
|     +-rbtree_linked.c
|     +-rbtree_stack.c
|     +-rbtree_topdown.c
|     +-rbtree_unified.c
|     +-segment.c
|     +-segment.h
|     +-test_harness.c
|     +-my_optional_program.c
|
+------scripts

Makefile当前使用test_或my_optional_program在我编写的堆分配器(以my_optional_program开头的文件)前面加上，并将它们放在与Makefile相同的目录中。然后，我可以在scripts文件夹中的脚本上运行不同的堆分配程序实现。相反，我想要这个：

+-----obj
|     +-my_optional_program_rbtree_clrs
|     +-my_optional_program_rbtree_linked
|     +-my_optional_program_rbtree_stack
|     +-my_optional_program_rbtree_topdown
|     +-my_optional_program_rbtree_unified
|     +-test_rbtree_clrs
|     +-test_rbtree_linked
|     +-test_rbtree_stack
|     +-test_rbtree_topdown
|     +-test_rbtree_unified
|
+-----src
|     |
|     +-Makefile
|     +-allocator.h
|     +-debug_break.h
|     +-rbtree_clrs.c
|     +-rbtree_linked.c
|     +-rbtree_stack.c
|     +-rbtree_topdown.c
|     +-rbtree_unified.c
|     +-segment.c
|     +-segment.h
|     +-test_harness.c
|     +-my_optional_program.c
|     
+------scripts

我需要在Makefile中添加或更改什么，以便将其构建到obj/文件夹中？

# They had us try different optimization levels here (-O0, -O2, etc).
rbtree_clrs.o: CFLAGS += -O0
rbtree_unified.o: CFLAGS += -O0
rbtree_linked.o: CFLAGS += -O0
rbtree_stack.o: CFLAGS += -O0
rbtree_topdown.o: CFLAGS += -O0

ALLOCATORS = rbtree_clrs rbtree_unified rbtree_stack rbtree_linked rbtree_topdown
PROGRAMS = $(ALLOCATORS:%=test_%)
MY_PROGRAMS = $(ALLOCATORS:%=my_optional_program_%)

all:: $(PROGRAMS) $(MY_PROGRAMS)

# I had to use gcc-11 on mac to be able to build this project.
UNAME := $(shell uname)
ifeq ($(UNAME),Darwin)
CC = gcc-11
else
CC = gcc
endif

CFLAGS = -g3 -std=gnu99 -Wall $$warnflags -fcf-protection=none -fno-pic -no-pie
export warnflags = -Wfloat-equal -Wtype-limits -Wpointer-arith -Wlogical-op -Wshadow -Winit-self -fno-diagnostics-show-option
LDFLAGS =
LDLIBS =

$(PROGRAMS): test_%:%.o segment.c test_harness.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $^ $(LDLIBS) -o $@

$(MY_PROGRAMS): my_optional_program_%:my_optional_program.c %.o segment.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $^ $(LDLIBS) -o $@

clean::
    rm -f $(PROGRAMS) $(MY_PROGRAMS) *.o callgrind.out.*

.PHONY: clean all

.INTERMEDIATE: $(ALLOCATORS:%=%.o)

更新:这个Makefile解决了这个问题。我选择了勒诺·帕卡莱的Makefile (谢谢！)，并调整了路径以达到预期的结果。目录中似乎没有上升一个级别是个问题。然后我不得不在PROGRAMS变量中添加我想要的路径到ALLOCATORS。我不知道这是否应该这样做，但它是否工作。如果有更好的方法，我可以更新这个路径。

SRCDIR = ../src
OBJDIR = ../obj
SRC := $(wildcard $(SRCDIR)/*.c)
OBJ := $(patsubst $(SRCDIR)/%.c, $(OBJDIR)/%.o,$(SRC))

# They had us try different optimization levels here (-O0, -O2, etc).
$(filter $(OBJDIR)/rbtree_%.o,$(OBJ)): CFLAGS += -O0

ALLOCATORS = rbtree_clrs rbtree_unified rbtree_stack rbtree_linked rbtree_topdown
PROGRAMS = $(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/test_,$(ALLOCATORS))
MY_PROGRAMS = $(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/my_optional_program_,$(ALLOCATORS))

all:: $(PROGRAMS) $(MY_PROGRAMS)

# I had to use gcc-11 on mac to be able to build this project.
UNAME := $(shell uname)
ifeq ($(UNAME),Darwin)
CC = gcc-11
else
CC = gcc
endif

CFLAGS = -g3 -std=gnu99 -Wall $$warnflags -fcf-protection=none -fno-pic -no-pie
export warnflags = -Wfloat-equal -Wtype-limits -Wpointer-arith -Wlogical-op -Wshadow -Winit-self -fno-diagnostics-show-option
LDFLAGS =
LDLIBS =

$(OBJ): $(OBJDIR)/%.o: $(SRCDIR)/%.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<

$(PROGRAMS): $(OBJDIR)/test_%: $(OBJDIR)/%.o segment.c test_harness.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $^ $(LDLIBS) -o $@

$(MY_PROGRAMS): $(OBJDIR)/my_optional_program_%: my_optional_program.c $(OBJDIR)/%.o segment.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $^ $(LDLIBS) -o $@

clean::
    rm -f $(PROGRAMS) $(MY_PROGRAMS) $(OBJ) callgrind.out.*

Answer 1

您没有编译规则，所以使用它的隐式规则进行编译，它将对象文件与源文件放在同一个目录中。

只需添加自己的规则，并对对象文件的所有引用进行重新处理：

OBJDIR := ../obj
SRC := $(wildcard *.c)
OBJ := $(patsubst %.c,$(OBJDIR)/%.o,$(SRC))

# They had us try different optimization levels here (-O0, -O2, etc).
$(filter $(OBJDIR)/rbtree_%.o,$(OBJ)): CFLAGS += -O0

ALLOCATORS = rbtree_clrs rbtree_unified rbtree_stack rbtree_linked rbtree_topdown
PROGRAMS = $(ALLOCATORS:%=$(OBJDIR)/test_%)
MY_PROGRAMS = $(ALLOCATORS:%=$(OBJDIR)/my_optional_program_%)

all:: $(PROGRAMS) $(MY_PROGRAMS)

# I had to use gcc-11 on mac to be able to build this project.
UNAME := $(shell uname)
ifeq ($(UNAME),Darwin)
CC = gcc-11
else
CC = gcc
endif

CFLAGS = -g3 -std=gnu99 -Wall $$warnflags -fcf-protection=none -fno-pic -no-pie
export warnflags = -Wfloat-equal -Wtype-limits -Wpointer-arith -Wlogical-op -Wshadow -Winit-self -fno-diagnostics-show-option
LDFLAGS =
LDLIBS =

$(OBJ): $(OBJDIR)/%.o: %.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o '$@' '$<'

$(PROGRAMS): $(OBJDIR)/test_%: $(OBJDIR)/%.o segment.c test_harness.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $^ $(LDLIBS) -o $@

$(MY_PROGRAMS): $(OBJDIR)/my_optional_program_%: my_optional_program.c $(OBJDIR)/%.o segment.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $^ $(LDLIBS) -o $@

clean::
    rm -f $(PROGRAMS) $(MY_PROGRAMS) $(OBJ) callgrind.out.*

请注意，您还应该管理对象和头文件之间的依赖关系(上面没有，就像原始版本一样)。如果它足够简单，您将很容易地修改建议的Makefile。否则，考虑阅读这篇关于自动依赖生成的非常有趣的文章当前GNU使主要维护者。