为什么python包使用__version__和pip显示不同的版本(相同的目录)

Question

我仔细检查了环境，这两个方法显示了相同的包目录：

>>> !pip show astropy
Name: astropy
Version: 5.1
Summary: Astronomy and astrophysics core library
Home-page: http://astropy.org/
Author: The Astropy Developers
Author-email: astropy.team@gmail.com
License: BSD 3-Clause License
Location: /home/duhc/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages
Requires: packaging, numpy, PyYAML, pyerfa
Required-by: sdss-marvin, photutils, mgefit, gwcs

>>> import astropy
>>> print(astropy.__version__)
>>> print(astropy.__path__)
4.3.1
['/home/duhc/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/astropy']

我们看到，目录是相同的，都是/home/duhc/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages，而版本是不同的。

Answer 1

这种情况不会发生在新鲜的环境中：

$>conda create -n astropy python=3.9.7 astropy=5.1
$>conda activate astropy
$>pip show astropy
Name: astropy
Version: 5.1
Summary: Astronomy and astrophysics core library
Home-page: http://astropy.org
Author: The Astropy Developers
Author-email: astropy.team@gmail.com
License: BSD 3-Clause License
Location: ...\miniconda3\envs\astropy\lib\site-packages
Requires: numpy, packaging, pyerfa, PyYAML
Required-by:

$>python -c "import astropy; print(astropy.__version__)"
5.1

在从pypi安装软件包时也不会发生。

$>conda uninstall astropy
$>pip install astropy
$>python -c "import astropy; print(astropy.__version__)"
5.1

$>pip show astropy
Name: astropy
Version: 5.1
Summary: Astronomy and astrophysics core library
Home-page: http://astropy.org
Author: The Astropy Developers
Author-email: astropy.team@gmail.com
License: BSD 3-Clause License
Location: ...\miniconda3\envs\astropy\lib\site-packages
Requires: numpy, packaging, pyerfa, PyYAML
Required-by:

可能发生的情况是，您用conda覆盖了已安装的pip包。复制的完整步骤：

$> conda create -n astropy python=3.9.7
$> conda activate astropy
$> pip install astropy
$> pip show astropy
Name: astropy
Version: 5.1
Summary: Astronomy and astrophysics core library
Home-page: http://astropy.org
Author: The Astropy Developers
Author-email: astropy.team@gmail.com
License: BSD 3-Clause License
Location: ...\miniconda3\envs\astropy\lib\site-packages
Requires: numpy, packaging, pyerfa, PyYAML
Required-by:
$> conda install astropy==4.3.1
$> pip show astropy
Name: astropy
Version: 5.1
Summary: Astronomy and astrophysics core library
Home-page: http://astropy.org
Author: The Astropy Developers
Author-email: astropy.team@gmail.com
License: BSD 3-Clause License
Location: ...\miniconda3\envs\astropy\lib\site-packages
Requires: numpy, packaging, pyerfa, PyYAML
Required-by:

$> python -c "import astropy; print(astropy.__version__)"
4.3.1

因此，这看起来并不是包中的一个bug，而是一个很好的例子，说明了为什么您应该谨慎地不把conda和pip命令混合在同一个环境中而不加注意。我特别建议不要在您的基本环境中这样做(就我个人而言，除了更新之外，我根本不会更改基env )。