在我的h5py、Visual代码、Python3.10.4、64-bt上安装Windows11时出错

Question

在Windows11、Visual代码、Python3.10.4、64-bt上安装Windows11时遇到错误

请参见文章末尾的错误详细信息

我的工作流程如下(即我试图解决错误的方式)：

1:升级pip、轮子和setuptools：它们已经满足了，如下所示

PS C:\users\mreal\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages> pip3 install --upgrade pip
>>
Requirement already satisfied: pip in c:\users\mreal\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (22.1.2)

PS C:\users\mreal\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages> pip install --upgrade wheel          
Requirement already satisfied: wheel in c:\users\mreal\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (0.37.1)

PS C:\users\mreal\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages>  pip install --upgrade setuptools
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in c:\users\mreal\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (63.2.0)

2:安装虚拟主机：已经下载

Requirement already satisfied: virtualenv in c:\users\mreal\appdata\roaming\python\python310\site-packages (20.15.1)
Requirement already satisfied: six<2,>=1.9.0 in c:\users\mreal\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from virtualenv) (1.15.0)
Requirement already satisfied: platformdirs<3,>=2 in c:\users\mreal\appdata\roaming\python\python310\site-packages (from virtualenv) (2.5.2)
Requirement already satisfied: filelock<4,>=3.2 in c:\users\mreal\appdata\roaming\python\python310\site-packages (from virtualenv) (3.7.1)
Requirement already satisfied: distlib<1,>=0.3.1 in c:\users\mreal\appdata\roaming\python\python310\site-packages (from virtualenv) (0.3.5)

3安装C++构建工具：已经下载并准备使用，如下所示

​

4尝试通过终端安装包:获取错误pip install h5py==3.1.0和pip install --no-binary=h5py h5py==3.1.0

PS C:\users\mreal\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages> pip install --no-binary=h5py h5py==3.1.0
Collecting h5py==3.1.0
  Using cached h5py-3.1.0.tar.gz (371 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Installing backend dependencies ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × pip subprocess to install backend dependencies did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [292 lines of output]
      Collecting numpy==1.19.3
        Using cached numpy-1.19.3.zip (7.3 MB)
        Installing build dependencies: started
        Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done'
        Getting requirements to build wheel: started
        Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'done'
        Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml): started
        Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml): finished with status 'error'
        error: subprocess-exited-with-error

        Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
        exit code: 1

        [267 lines of output]
        setup.py:67: RuntimeWarning: NumPy 1.19.3 may not yet support Python 3.10.
          warnings.warn(
        Running from numpy source directory.
        setup.py:480: UserWarning: Unrecognized setuptools command, proceeding with generating Cython sources and expanding templates  
          run_build = parse_setuppy_commands()
        Processing numpy/random\_bounded_integers.pxd.in
        Processing numpy/random\bit_generator.pyx
        Processing numpy/random\mtrand.pyx
        Processing numpy/random\_bounded_integers.pyx.in
        Processing numpy/random\_common.pyx
        Processing numpy/random\_generator.pyx
        Processing numpy/random\_mt19937.pyx
        Processing numpy/random\_pcg64.pyx
        Processing numpy/random\_philox.pyx
        Processing numpy/random\_sfc64.pyx
        Cythonizing sources
        blas_opt_info:
        blas_mkl_info:
        No module named 'numpy.distutils._msvccompiler' in numpy.distutils; trying from distutils
        customize MSVCCompiler
          libraries mkl_rt not found in ['C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        blis_info:
          libraries blis not found in ['C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        openblas_info:
          libraries openblas not found in ['C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
        get_default_fcompiler: matching types: '['gnu', 'intelv', 'absoft', 'compaqv', 'intelev', 'gnu95', 'g95', 'intelvem', 'intelem', 'flang']'
        customize GnuFCompiler
        Could not locate executable g77
        Could not locate executable f77
        customize IntelVisualFCompiler
        Could not locate executable ifort
        Could not locate executable ifl
        customize AbsoftFCompiler
        Could not locate executable f90
        customize CompaqVisualFCompiler
        Could not locate executable DF
        customize IntelItaniumVisualFCompiler
        Could not locate executable efl
        customize Gnu95FCompiler
        Could not locate executable gfortran
        Could not locate executable f95
        customize G95FCompiler
        Could not locate executable g95
        customize IntelEM64VisualFCompiler
        customize IntelEM64TFCompiler
        Could not locate executable efort
        Could not locate executable efc
        customize PGroupFlangCompiler
        Could not locate executable flang
        don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'nt'
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_3_10_blas_threads_info:
        Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
          libraries tatlas not found in ['C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_3_10_blas_info:
          libraries satlas not found in ['C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_blas_threads_info:
        Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
          libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in ['C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_blas_info:
          libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in ['C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        accelerate_info:
          NOT AVAILABLE
      
        C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-m130oaf9\numpy_f66176bbdc274ad0810a0a91798319ab\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1914: UserWarning:
            Optimized (vendor) Blas libraries are not found.
            Falls back to netlib Blas library which has worse performance.
            A better performance should be easily gained by switching
            Blas library.
          if self._calc_info(blas):
        blas_info:
          libraries blas not found in ['C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-m130oaf9\numpy_f66176bbdc274ad0810a0a91798319ab\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1914: UserWarning:
            Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.
            Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
            numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting
            the BLAS environment variable.
          if self._calc_info(blas):
        blas_src_info:
          NOT AVAILABLE

        C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-m130oaf9\numpy_f66176bbdc274ad0810a0a91798319ab\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1914: UserWarning:
            Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) sources not found.
            Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
            numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas_src]) or by setting
            the BLAS_SRC environment variable.
          if self._calc_info(blas):
          NOT AVAILABLE

        non-existing path in 'numpy\\distutils': 'site.cfg'
        lapack_opt_info:
        lapack_mkl_info:
          libraries mkl_rt not found in ['C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        openblas_lapack_info:
          libraries openblas not found in ['C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        openblas_clapack_info:
          libraries openblas,lapack not found in ['C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        flame_info:
          libraries flame not found in ['C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_3_10_threads_info:
        Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib
          libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
          libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in C:\
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\libs
          libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\libs
        <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_3_10_threads_info'>
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_3_10_info:
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib
          libraries satlas,satlas not found in C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
          libraries satlas,satlas not found in C:\
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\libs
          libraries satlas,satlas not found in C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\libs
        <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_3_10_info'>
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_threads_info:
        Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib
          libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
          libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in C:\
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\libs
          libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\libs
        <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_threads_info'>
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_info:
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib
          libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
          libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in C:\
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\libs
          libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\libs
        <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_info'>
          NOT AVAILABLE

        lapack_info:
          libraries lapack not found in ['C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\mreal\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-m130oaf9\numpy_f66176bbdc274ad0810a0a91798319ab\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1748: UserWarning:
            Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) libraries not found.
            Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
            numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack]) or by setting
            the LAPACK environment variable.
          return getattr(self, '_calc_info_{}'.format(name))()
        lapack_src_info:
          NOT AVAILABLE

        C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-m130oaf9\numpy_f66176bbdc274ad0810a0a91798319ab\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1748: UserWarning:
            Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) sources not found.
            Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
            numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack_src]) or by setting
            the LAPACK_SRC environment variable.
          return getattr(self, '_calc_info_{}'.format(name))()
          NOT AVAILABLE

        numpy_linalg_lapack_lite:
          FOUND:
            language = c
            define_macros = [('HAVE_BLAS_ILP64', None), ('BLAS_SYMBOL_SUFFIX', '64_')]

        C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-cy6f82db\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py:275: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'define_macros'
          warnings.warn(msg)
        running dist_info
        running build_src
        build_src
        building py_modules sources
        creating build
        creating build\src.win-amd64-3.10
        creating build\src.win-amd64-3.10\numpy
        creating build\src.win-amd64-3.10\numpy\distutils
        building library "npymath" sources
        Traceback (most recent call last):
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpc2l1c36b_in_process.py", line 363, in <module>
            main()
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpc2l1c36b_in_process.py", line 345, in main
            json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpc2l1c36b_in_process.py", line 164, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
            return hook(metadata_directory, config_settings)
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-cy6f82db\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 157, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
            self.run_setup()
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-cy6f82db\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 248, in run_setup
            super(_BuildMetaLegacyBackend,
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-cy6f82db\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 142, in run_setup
            exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'), locals())
          File "setup.py", line 508, in <module>
            setup_package()
          File "setup.py", line 500, in setup_package
            setup(**metadata)
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-m130oaf9\numpy_f66176bbdc274ad0810a0a91798319ab\numpy\distutils\core.py", line 169, in setup
            return old_setup(**new_attr)
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-cy6f82db\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 165, in setup
            return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-cy6f82db\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\core.py", line 148, in setup
            dist.run_commands()
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-cy6f82db\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 967, in run_commands
            self.run_command(cmd)
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-cy6f82db\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 986, in run_command
            cmd_obj.run()
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-cy6f82db\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\dist_info.py", line 31, in run
            egg_info.run()
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-m130oaf9\numpy_f66176bbdc274ad0810a0a91798319ab\numpy\distutils\command\egg_info.py", line 24, in run
            self.run_command("build_src")
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-cy6f82db\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
            self.distribution.run_command(command)
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-cy6f82db\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 986, in run_command
            cmd_obj.run()
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-m130oaf9\numpy_f66176bbdc274ad0810a0a91798319ab\numpy\distutils\command\build_src.py", line 144, in run
            self.build_sources()
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-m130oaf9\numpy_f66176bbdc274ad0810a0a91798319ab\numpy\distutils\command\build_src.py", line 155, in build_sources
            self.build_library_sources(*libname_info)
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-m130oaf9\numpy_f66176bbdc274ad0810a0a91798319ab\numpy\distutils\command\build_src.py", line 288, in build_library_sources
            sources = self.generate_sources(sources, (lib_name, build_info))
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-m130oaf9\numpy_f66176bbdc274ad0810a0a91798319ab\numpy\distutils\command\build_src.py", line 378, in generate_sources
            source = func(extension, build_dir)
          File "numpy\core\setup.py", line 658, in get_mathlib_info
            st = config_cmd.try_link('int main(void) { return 0;}')
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-cy6f82db\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\command\config.py", line 243, in try_link
            self._link(body, headers, include_dirs,
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-m130oaf9\numpy_f66176bbdc274ad0810a0a91798319ab\numpy\distutils\command\config.py", line 162, in _link
            return self._wrap_method(old_config._link, lang,
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-m130oaf9\numpy_f66176bbdc274ad0810a0a91798319ab\numpy\distutils\command\config.py", line 96, in _wrap_method
            ret = mth(*((self,)+args))
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-cy6f82db\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\command\config.py", line 137, in _link
            (src, obj) = self._compile(body, headers, include_dirs, lang)
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-m130oaf9\numpy_f66176bbdc274ad0810a0a91798319ab\numpy\distutils\command\config.py", line 105, in _compile
            src, obj = self._wrap_method(old_config._compile, lang,
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-m130oaf9\numpy_f66176bbdc274ad0810a0a91798319ab\numpy\distutils\command\config.py", line 96, in _wrap_method
            ret = mth(*((self,)+args))
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-cy6f82db\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\command\config.py", line 132, in _compile
            self.compiler.compile([src], include_dirs=include_dirs)
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-cy6f82db\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\_msvccompiler.py", line 401, in compile
            self.spawn(args)
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-cy6f82db\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\_msvccompiler.py", line 505, in spawn
            return super().spawn(cmd, env=env)
          File "C:\Users\mreal\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-m130oaf9\numpy_f66176bbdc274ad0810a0a91798319ab\numpy\distutils\ccompiler.py", line 90, in <lambda>
            m = lambda self, *args, **kw: func(self, *args, **kw)
        TypeError: CCompiler_spawn() got an unexpected keyword argument 'env'
        [end of output]

        note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
      error: metadata-generation-failed

      Encountered error while generating package metadata.

      See above for output.

      note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
      hint: See above for details.
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× pip subprocess to install backend dependencies did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

Answer 1

h5py版本3.1需要numpy=1.19.3，它在python3.10上没有轮子，只有3.9，在numpy=1.19.3上从源代码构建numpy并不容易，因为您需要处理之前需要手动构建的相当多的依赖项(例如，请参阅错误消息中的libraries mkl_rt not found )。

因此，我建议要么：

• 降级您的python版本，然后按照您的问题安装所有版本
• 考虑一下新版本的h5py (有不同的numpy需求)是否也适用于您
• 尝试pip install --no-deps h5py==3.1.0并分别安装与您的python兼容的numpy版本。不过，这很有可能不起作用。

第一个选项可能是最好的，因为您很可能有理由需要那个特定的h5py版本。如果您发现自己经常需要针对不同项目的不同python版本，请考虑使用像conda这样的虚拟环境管理器。

Answer 2

解决问题的快速方法，而无需排除故障。

请按照步骤并更新相同的.

1. 卸载当前有问题的所有软件包。
2. 创建虚拟环境：如何在此处创建虚拟环境链接
3. 在虚拟环境中安装所有软件包。
4. 通过导入它们进行测试，看看它是否有效。