在Mac M1上安装python依赖项时出错

Question

我正在尝试安装一个名为fastrank的依赖项，该依赖项目前正在两个不同的苹果英特尔芯片上安装。然而，当我尝试用M1芯片在两个不同的mac上运行它时，我会得到以下错误：

***Collecting fastrank
  Using cached fastrank-0.7.0.tar.gz (52 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [27 lines of output]
      ⚠️  Warning: Please use maturin in pyproject.toml with a version constraint, e.g. `requires = ["maturin>=0.12,<0.13"]`. This will become an error.
       maturin failed
        Caused by: Cargo metadata failed. Does your crate compile with `cargo build`?
        Caused by: `cargo metadata` exited with an error:     Updating crates.io index
      warning: spurious network error (2 tries remaining): http parser error: stream ended at an unexpected time; class=Http (34)
      warning: spurious network error (1 tries remaining): http parser error: stream ended at an unexpected time; class=Http (34)
      error: failed to get `bzip2` as a dependency of package `fastrank v0.7.0 (/private/var/folders/5l/sppq3g8556nffpc74l_54zv40000gn/T/pip-install-ugbpj9al/fastrank_b60c765ae0df4f76b49d90ab4a21f9f2)`
      
      Caused by:
        failed to load source for dependency `bzip2`
      
      Caused by:
        Unable to update registry `crates-io`
      
      Caused by:
        failed to fetch `https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index`
      
      Caused by:
        network failure seems to have happened
        if a proxy or similar is necessary `net.git-fetch-with-cli` may help here
        https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/config.html#netgit-fetch-with-cli
      
      Caused by:
        http parser error: stream ended at an unexpected time; class=Http (34)
      Error running maturin: Command '['maturin', 'pep517', 'write-dist-info', '--metadata-directory', '/private/var/folders/5l/sppq3g8556nffpc74l_54zv40000gn/T/pip-modern-metadata-hdyh51_d', '--interpreter', '/Users/chinwekele/.pyenv/versions/3.7.13/bin/python3']' returned non-zero exit status 1.
      Checking for Rust toolchain....
      Running `maturin pep517 write-dist-info --metadata-directory /private/var/folders/5l/sppq3g8556nffpc74l_54zv40000gn/T/pip-modern-metadata-hdyh51_d --interpreter /Users/chinwekele/.pyenv/versions/3.7.13/bin/python3`
      [end of output]
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: metadata-generation-failed

× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.

有人知道如何解决这个错误吗？我试过使用Rosseta终端，尝试下载和运行各种软件包，以为它们会有所帮助，但都没有奏效。会感谢你的回应。

Answer 1

对于Mac来说，如果使用康达，就有可能解决这个问题。这样做的目的是在Mac上创建一个x86环境，然后再进行pip安装。

conda create -n <name>
conda activate <name>
conda config --env --set subdir osx-64
conda install python=3.8

这里我选择Python3.8，但您可以选择另一个版本。

Answer 2

1. 在罗塞塔终端中，安装x86的本地brew，如解释的这里。
2. 然后使用此命令安装python版本(例如3.7)

arch -x86_64 brew install python@3.7

1. 然后使用正确的x86版本的pip (位于x86 python安装旁边)安装fastrank。

/usr/local/Cellar/python@3.7/3.7.13_1/bin/pip3 install fastrank

为了简化一切(所以您不必每次都提供完整的路径)，您可以为英特尔、x86、pip和python创建一个别名，就像在.zhsrc中那样：

alias ipython='/usr/local/Cellar/python@3.7/3.7.13_1/bin/python3.7'
alias ipip='/usr/local/Cellar/python@3.7/3.7.13_1/bin/pip3'

当您想使用英特尔ipip版本时，请使用ipython和x86