为什么使用Composer在命令行上安装Laravel时会出现此错误？

Question

C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel>composer create-project laravel/laravel taamirgah "6.*"
Creating a "laravel/laravel" project at "./taamirgah"
Info from https://repo.packagist.org: #StandWithUkraine
Installing laravel/laravel (v6.20.1)
  - Installing laravel/laravel (v6.20.1): Extracting archive
Created project in C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah
> @php -r "file_exists('.env') || copy('.env.example', '.env');"
Loading composer repositories with package information
Updating dependencies
Lock file operations: 93 installs, 0 updates, 0 removals
  - Locking doctrine/inflector (2.0.4)
  - Locking doctrine/instantiator (1.4.1)
  - Locking doctrine/lexer (1.2.3)
  - Locking dragonmantank/cron-expression (v2.3.1)
  - Locking egulias/email-validator (2.1.25)
  - Locking facade/flare-client-php (1.9.1)
  - Locking facade/ignition (1.18.1)
  - Locking facade/ignition-contracts (1.0.2)
  - Locking fakerphp/faker (v1.19.0)
  - Locking fideloper/proxy (4.4.1)
  - Locking filp/whoops (2.14.5)
  - Locking hamcrest/hamcrest-php (v2.0.1)
  - Locking laravel/framework (v6.20.44)
  - Locking laravel/tinker (v2.7.2)
  - Locking league/commonmark (1.6.7)
  - Locking league/flysystem (1.1.9)
  - Locking league/mime-type-detection (1.11.0)
  - Locking mockery/mockery (1.5.0)
  - Locking monolog/monolog (2.7.0)
  - Locking myclabs/deep-copy (1.11.0)
  - Locking nesbot/carbon (2.59.1)
  - Locking nikic/php-parser (v4.14.0)
  - Locking nunomaduro/collision (v3.2.0)
  - Locking opis/closure (3.6.3)
  - Locking paragonie/random_compat (v9.99.100)
  - Locking phar-io/manifest (2.0.3)
  - Locking phar-io/version (3.2.1)
  - Locking php-parallel-lint/php-console-color (v0.3)
  - Locking php-parallel-lint/php-console-highlighter (v0.5)
  - Locking phpdocumentor/reflection-common (2.2.0)
  - Locking phpdocumentor/reflection-docblock (5.3.0)
  - Locking phpdocumentor/type-resolver (1.6.1)
  - Locking phpoption/phpoption (1.8.1)
  - Locking phpspec/prophecy (v1.15.0)
  - Locking phpunit/php-code-coverage (9.2.15)
  - Locking phpunit/php-file-iterator (3.0.6)
  - Locking phpunit/php-invoker (3.1.1)
  - Locking phpunit/php-text-template (2.0.4)
  - Locking phpunit/php-timer (5.0.3)
  - Locking phpunit/phpunit (9.5.21)
  - Locking psr/container (1.1.2)
  - Locking psr/log (2.0.0)
  - Locking psr/simple-cache (1.0.1)
  - Locking psy/psysh (v0.11.6)
  - Locking ramsey/uuid (3.9.6)
  - Locking scrivo/highlight.php (v9.18.1.9)
  - Locking sebastian/cli-parser (1.0.1)
  - Locking sebastian/code-unit (1.0.8)
  - Locking sebastian/code-unit-reverse-lookup (2.0.3)
  - Locking sebastian/comparator (4.0.6)
  - Locking sebastian/complexity (2.0.2)
  - Locking sebastian/diff (4.0.4)
  - Locking sebastian/environment (5.1.4)
  - Locking sebastian/exporter (4.0.4)
  - Locking sebastian/global-state (5.0.5)
  - Locking sebastian/lines-of-code (1.0.3)
  - Locking sebastian/object-enumerator (4.0.4)
  - Locking sebastian/object-reflector (2.0.4)
  - Locking sebastian/recursion-context (4.0.4)
  - Locking sebastian/resource-operations (3.0.3)
  - Locking sebastian/type (3.0.0)
  - Locking sebastian/version (3.0.2)
  - Locking swiftmailer/swiftmailer (v6.3.0)
  - Locking symfony/console (v4.4.43)
  - Locking symfony/css-selector (v6.1.0)
  - Locking symfony/debug (v4.4.41)
  - Locking symfony/deprecation-contracts (v3.1.1)
  - Locking symfony/error-handler (v4.4.41)
  - Locking symfony/event-dispatcher (v4.4.42)
  - Locking symfony/event-dispatcher-contracts (v1.1.13)
  - Locking symfony/finder (v4.4.41)
  - Locking symfony/http-client-contracts (v2.5.2)
  - Locking symfony/http-foundation (v4.4.43)
  - Locking symfony/http-kernel (v4.4.43)
  - Locking symfony/mime (v5.4.10)
  - Locking symfony/polyfill-ctype (v1.26.0)
  - Locking symfony/polyfill-iconv (v1.26.0)
  - Locking symfony/polyfill-intl-idn (v1.26.0)
  - Locking symfony/polyfill-intl-normalizer (v1.26.0)
  - Locking symfony/polyfill-mbstring (v1.26.0)
  - Locking symfony/polyfill-php72 (v1.26.0)
  - Locking symfony/polyfill-php73 (v1.26.0)
  - Locking symfony/polyfill-php80 (v1.26.0)
  - Locking symfony/process (v4.4.41)
  - Locking symfony/routing (v4.4.41)
  - Locking symfony/service-contracts (v2.5.2)
  - Locking symfony/translation (v4.4.41)
  - Locking symfony/translation-contracts (v2.5.2)
  - Locking symfony/var-dumper (v4.4.42)
  - Locking theseer/tokenizer (1.2.1)
  - Locking tijsverkoyen/css-to-inline-styles (2.2.4)
  - Locking vlucas/phpdotenv (v3.6.10)
  - Locking webmozart/assert (1.11.0)
Writing lock file
Installing dependencies from lock file (including require-dev)
Package operations: 93 installs, 0 updates, 0 removals
  - Downloading symfony/service-contracts (v2.5.2)
  - Downloading symfony/console (v4.4.43)
  - Downloading monolog/monolog (2.7.0)
  - Downloading symfony/mime (v5.4.10)
  - Downloading symfony/http-foundation (v4.4.43)
  - Downloading symfony/http-client-contracts (v2.5.2)
  - Downloading symfony/http-kernel (v4.4.43)
  - Downloading symfony/translation-contracts (v2.5.2)
  - Downloading nesbot/carbon (2.59.1)
  - Downloading psy/psysh (v0.11.6)
  - Downloading phpunit/phpunit (9.5.21)
  - Installing doctrine/inflector (2.0.4): Extracting archive
  - Installing doctrine/lexer (1.2.3): Extracting archive
  - Installing dragonmantank/cron-expression (v2.3.1): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/polyfill-php80 (v1.26.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/polyfill-php72 (v1.26.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/polyfill-mbstring (v1.26.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/var-dumper (v4.4.42): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/deprecation-contracts (v3.1.1): Extracting archive
  - Installing psr/container (1.1.2): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/service-contracts (v2.5.2): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/polyfill-php73 (v1.26.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/console (v4.4.43): Extracting archive
  - Installing scrivo/highlight.php (v9.18.1.9): Extracting archive
  - Installing psr/log (2.0.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing monolog/monolog (2.7.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/polyfill-ctype (v1.26.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing phpoption/phpoption (1.8.1): Extracting archive
  - Installing vlucas/phpdotenv (v3.6.10): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/css-selector (v6.1.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing tijsverkoyen/css-to-inline-styles (2.2.4): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/routing (v4.4.41): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/process (v4.4.41): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/polyfill-intl-normalizer (v1.26.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/polyfill-intl-idn (v1.26.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/mime (v5.4.10): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/http-foundation (v4.4.43): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/http-client-contracts (v2.5.2): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/event-dispatcher-contracts (v1.1.13): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/event-dispatcher (v4.4.42): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/debug (v4.4.41): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/error-handler (v4.4.41): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/http-kernel (v4.4.43): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/finder (v4.4.41): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/polyfill-iconv (v1.26.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing egulias/email-validator (2.1.25): Extracting archive
  - Installing swiftmailer/swiftmailer (v6.3.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing paragonie/random_compat (v9.99.100): Extracting archive
  - Installing ramsey/uuid (3.9.6): Extracting archive
  - Installing psr/simple-cache (1.0.1): Extracting archive
  - Installing opis/closure (3.6.3): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/translation-contracts (v2.5.2): Extracting archive
  - Installing symfony/translation (v4.4.41): Extracting archive
  - Installing nesbot/carbon (2.59.1): Extracting archive
  - Installing league/mime-type-detection (1.11.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing league/flysystem (1.1.9): Extracting archive
  - Installing league/commonmark (1.6.7): Extracting archive
  - Installing laravel/framework (v6.20.44): Extracting archive
  - Installing filp/whoops (2.14.5): Extracting archive
  - Installing facade/ignition-contracts (1.0.2): Extracting archive
  - Installing facade/flare-client-php (1.9.1): Extracting archive
  - Installing facade/ignition (1.18.1): Extracting archive
  - Installing fakerphp/faker (v1.19.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing fideloper/proxy (4.4.1): Extracting archive
  - Installing nikic/php-parser (v4.14.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing psy/psysh (v0.11.6): Extracting archive
  - Installing laravel/tinker (v2.7.2): Extracting archive
  - Installing hamcrest/hamcrest-php (v2.0.1): Extracting archive
  - Installing mockery/mockery (1.5.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing php-parallel-lint/php-console-color (v0.3): Extracting archive
  - Installing php-parallel-lint/php-console-highlighter (v0.5): Extracting archive
  - Installing nunomaduro/collision (v3.2.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing webmozart/assert (1.11.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing phpdocumentor/reflection-common (2.2.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing phpdocumentor/type-resolver (1.6.1): Extracting archive
  - Installing phpdocumentor/reflection-docblock (5.3.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing sebastian/version (3.0.2): Extracting archive
  - Installing sebastian/type (3.0.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing sebastian/resource-operations (3.0.3): Extracting archive
  - Installing sebastian/recursion-context (4.0.4): Extracting archive
  - Installing sebastian/object-reflector (2.0.4): Extracting archive
  - Installing sebastian/object-enumerator (4.0.4): Extracting archive
  - Installing sebastian/global-state (5.0.5): Extracting archive
  - Installing sebastian/exporter (4.0.4): Extracting archive
  - Installing sebastian/environment (5.1.4): Extracting archive
  - Installing sebastian/diff (4.0.4): Extracting archive
  - Installing sebastian/comparator (4.0.6): Extracting archive
  - Installing sebastian/code-unit (1.0.8): Extracting archive
  - Installing sebastian/cli-parser (1.0.1): Extracting archive
  - Installing phpunit/php-timer (5.0.3): Extracting archive
  - Installing phpunit/php-text-template (2.0.4): Extracting archive
  - Installing phpunit/php-invoker (3.1.1): Extracting archive
  - Installing phpunit/php-file-iterator (3.0.6): Extracting archive
  - Installing theseer/tokenizer (1.2.1): Extracting archive
  - Installing sebastian/lines-of-code (1.0.3): Extracting archive
  - Installing sebastian/complexity (2.0.2): Extracting archive
  - Installing sebastian/code-unit-reverse-lookup (2.0.3): Extracting archive
  - Installing phpunit/php-code-coverage (9.2.15): Extracting archive
  - Installing doctrine/instantiator (1.4.1): Extracting archive
  - Installing phpspec/prophecy (v1.15.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing phar-io/version (3.2.1): Extracting archive
  - Installing phar-io/manifest (2.0.3): Extracting archive
  - Installing myclabs/deep-copy (1.11.0): Extracting archive
  - Installing phpunit/phpunit (9.5.21): Extracting archive
76 package suggestions were added by new dependencies, use `composer suggest` to see details.
Package swiftmailer/swiftmailer is abandoned, you should avoid using it. Use symfony/mailer instead.
Package symfony/debug is abandoned, you should avoid using it. Use symfony/error-handler instead.
Generating optimized autoload files
> Illuminate\Foundation\ComposerScripts::postAutoloadDump
Deprecation Notice: Return type of Illuminate\Container\Container::offsetExists($key) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Container\Container.php:1231
Deprecation Notice: Return type of Illuminate\Container\Container::offsetGet($key) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Container\Container.php:1242
Deprecation Notice: Return type of Illuminate\Container\Container::offsetSet($key, $value) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Container\Container.php:1254
Deprecation Notice: Return type of Illuminate\Container\Container::offsetUnset($key) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Container\Container.php:1267
> @php artisan package:discover --ansi

Deprecated: Return type of Illuminate\Container\Container::offsetExists($key) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Container\Container.php on line 1231

Deprecated: Return type of Illuminate\Container\Container::offsetGet($key) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Container\Container.php on line 1242

Deprecated: Return type of Illuminate\Container\Container::offsetSet($key, $value) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Container\Container.php on line 1254

Deprecated: Return type of Illuminate\Container\Container::offsetUnset($key) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Container\Container.php on line 1267

Deprecated: Return type of Illuminate\Config\Repository::offsetExists($key) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Config\Repository.php on line 141

Deprecated: Return type of Illuminate\Config\Repository::offsetGet($key) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Config\Repository.php on line 152

Deprecated: Return type of Illuminate\Config\Repository::offsetSet($key, $value) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Config\Repository.php on line 164

Deprecated: Return type of Illuminate\Config\Repository::offsetUnset($key) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Config\Repository.php on line 175

In Collection.php line 11:

  During inheritance of ArrayAccess: Uncaught ErrorException: Return type of Illuminate\Support\Collection::offsetExi
  sts($key) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWill
  Change] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\
  vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Support\Collection.php:1277
  Stack trace:
  #0 C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Support\Collection.php(11):
  Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\HandleExceptions->handleError(8192, 'Return type of ...', 'C:\\Users\\baran-...', 1
  277)
  #1 C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\composer\ClassLoader.php(571): include('C:\\Users\\baran-...'
  )
  #2 C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\composer\ClassLoader.php(428): Composer\Autoload\includeFile(
  'C:\\Users\\baran-...')
  #3 C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Support\helpers.php(109): Co
  mposer\Autoload\ClassLoader->loadClass('Illuminate\\Supp...')
  #4 C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Foundation\PackageManifest.p
  hp(130): collect(Array)
  #5 C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Foundation\PackageManifest.p
  hp(106): Illuminate\Foundation\PackageManifest->build()
  #6 C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Foundation\PackageManifest.p
  hp(89): Illuminate\Foundation\PackageManifest->getManifest()
  #7 C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Foundation\PackageManifest.p
  hp(78): Illuminate\Foundation\PackageManifest->config('aliases')
  #8 C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\Registe
  rFacades.php(26): Illuminate\Foundation\PackageManifest->aliases()
  #9 C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Foundation\Application.php(2
  19): Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\RegisterFacades->bootstrap(Object(Illuminate\Foundation\Application))
  #10 C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Foundation\Console\Kernel.p
  hp(320): Illuminate\Foundation\Application->bootstrapWith(Array)
  #11 C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Foundation\Console\Kernel.p
  hp(129): Illuminate\Foundation\Console\Kernel->bootstrap()
  #12 C:\Users\baran-pc\Desktop\Laravel\taamirgah\artisan(37): Illuminate\Foundation\Console\Kernel->handle(Object(Sy
  mfony\Component\Console\Input\ArgvInput), Object(Symfony\Component\Console\Output\ConsoleOutput))
  #13 {main}


Script @php artisan package:discover --ansi handling the post-autoload-dump event returned with error code 255

Answer 1

我为什么要犯这个错误？

您已经配置的编写器配置了一个后转储-自动加载脚本，即Illuminate\Foundation\ComposerScripts::postAutoloadDump，它与您在命令行上使用的PHP版本不兼容(和composer一起运行)。

该编写脚本与它自己的laravel/laravel/composer.json配置结合在一起，质量很低，在可操作使用之前不检查它的要求。因此，您将看到PHP错误消息(诊断消息)的长期跟踪，这可能会令人惊讶地嘈杂，因此您无法发现PHP版本不匹配这一明显的问题。

满足您的composer.json配置的要求，然后您就可以开始了。如果您是laravel/laravel的用户，也许您应该向上游报告这个问题，似乎可以从一些用户的反馈中获益。

最后，这只是一个PHP通知，如果您对更多的上下文感兴趣，请参阅本例中的PHP 8升级通知。