使用AWK将github.com/*raw/* URLs转换为raw.githubusercontent.com URLS

Question

给出以下示例URL：

urls.txt

https://github.com/2RDLive/Pi-Hole/raw/master/Blacklist.txt
https://github.com/34730/asd/raw/master/adaway-export
https://github.com/568475513/secret_domain/raw/master/filter.txt
https://github.com/BlackJack8/iOSAdblockList/raw/master/Regular%20Hosts.txt
https://github.com/CipherOps/MiscHostsFiles/raw/master/MiscAdTrackingHostBlock.txt
https://github.com/DK-255/Pi-hole-list-1/raw/main/Ads-Blocklist
https://github.com/DRSDavidSoft/additional-hosts/raw/master/domains/blacklist/adservers-and-trackers.txt
https://github.com/DRSDavidSoft/additional-hosts/raw/master/domains/blacklist/unwanted-iranian.txt
https://github.com/DandelionSprout/adfilt/raw/master/Alternate%20versions%20Anti-Malware%20List/AntiMalwareHosts.txt
https://github.com/DavidTai780/AdGuard-Home-Private-Rules/raw/master/hosts.txt
https://github.com/DivineEngine/Profiles/raw/master/Quantumult/Filter/Guard/Advertising.list
https://github.com/Hariharann8175/Indicators-of-Compromise-IOC-/raw/master/Ransomware%20URL's
https://github.com/JumbomanXDA/host/raw/main/hosts
https://github.com/Kees1958/W3C_annual_most_used_survey_blocklist/raw/master/EU_US%2Bmost_used_ad_and_tracking_networks
https://github.com/KurzGedanke/kurzBlock/raw/master/kurzBlock.txt
https://github.com/MajkiIT/polish-ads-filter/raw/master/polish-adblock-filters/adblock.txt
https://github.com/MitaZ/Better_Filter/raw/master/Quantumult_X/Filter.list
https://github.com/MrWaste/Ad-BlockList-2019-08-31/raw/master/Pi-Hole%20BackUps/Black%20List/All%20Server%20Black%20List
https://github.com/Neo23x0/signature-base/raw/master/iocs/c2-iocs.txt
https://github.com/Pentanium/ABClientFilters/raw/master/ko/korean.txt
https://github.com/Phentora/AdguardPersonalList/raw/master/blocklist.txt
https://github.com/ShadowWhisperer/BlockLists/raw/master/Lists/Malware
https://github.com/SlashArash/adblockfa/raw/master/adblockfa.txt
https://github.com/SukkaW/Surge/raw/master/List/domainset/reject_sukka.conf
https://github.com/Th3M3/blocklists/raw/master/tracking%26ads.list
https://github.com/TonyRL/blocklist/raw/master/hosts
https://github.com/UnbendableStraw/samsungnosnooping/raw/master/README.md
https://github.com/UnluckyLuke/BlockUnderRadarJunk/raw/master/blockunderradarjunk-list.txt
https://github.com/VernonStow/Filterlist/raw/master/Filterlist.txt
https://github.com/What-Zit-Tooya/Ad-Block/raw/main/Main-Blocklist/Ad-Block-HOSTS.txt
https://github.com/XionKzn/PiHole-Lists/raw/master/PiHole/Blocklist_HOSTS.txt
https://github.com/YanFung/Ads/raw/master/Mobile
https://github.com/Yuki2718/adblock/raw/master/adguard/tracking-plus.txt
https://github.com/Yuki2718/adblock/raw/master/japanese/jp-filters.txt
https://github.com/ZYX2019/host-block-list/raw/master/Custom.txt
https://github.com/abc45628/hosts/raw/master/hosts
https://github.com/aleclee/DNS-Blacklists/raw/master/AdHosts.txt
https://github.com/angelics/pfbng/raw/master/ads/ads-domain-list.txt
https://github.com/blocklistproject/Lists/raw/master/ransomware.txt
https://github.com/cchevy/macedonian-pi-hole-blocklist/raw/master/hosts.txt
https://github.com/craiu/mobiletrackers/raw/master/list.txt
https://github.com/curutpilek12/adguard-custom-list/raw/main/custom
https://github.com/damengzhu/banad/raw/main/jiekouAD.txt
https://github.com/deletescape/noads/raw/master/lists/add-switzerland.txt
https://github.com/doadin/Pi-Hole-Blocklist/raw/main/block.list
https://github.com/dreammjow/MyFilters/raw/main/src/filters.txt
https://github.com/durablenapkin/block/raw/master/streaming.txt
https://github.com/eEIi0A5L/adblock_filter/archive/master.zip
https://github.com/easylist-thailand/easylist-thailand/raw/master/subscription/easylist-thailand.txt
https://github.com/fandagroupofficial/hosts/raw/main/pihole/ads
https://github.com/fandagroupofficial/hosts/raw/main/pihole/log
https://github.com/fandagroupofficial/hosts/raw/main/pihole/trackers
https://github.com/faralai/Pihole-Rules/raw/master/Fara-Popups_Head
https://github.com/faralai/Pihole-Rules/raw/master/Fara-Xiaomi-info
https://github.com/farrokhi/adblock-iran/raw/master/filter.txt
https://github.com/fskreuz/blocklists/raw/dev/domains.txt
https://github.com/ftpmorph/ftprivacy/raw/master/regex-blocklists/smartphone-and-general-ads-analytics-regex-blocklist-ftprivacy.txt
https://github.com/hell-sh/Evil-Domains/raw/master/evil-domains.txt
https://github.com/hosts-file/BulgarianHostsFile/raw/master/bhf.txt
https://github.com/igorskyflyer/ad-void/raw/main/AdVoid.Core.txt
https://github.com/jackrabbit335/UsefulLinuxShellScripts/raw/master/Hosts%20%26%20sourcelist/blacklist.txt
https://github.com/jakdev121/AMS2/raw/master/pi_indo_ads.txt
https://github.com/jakejarvis/ios-trackers/raw/master/blocklist.txt
https://github.com/jasirfayas/jBlocklist/raw/master/domains.lst
https://github.com/javabean/dnsmasq-antispy/raw/master/dnsmasq.ghostery_bugs.conf
https://github.com/javabean/dnsmasq-antispy/raw/master/dnsmasq.zz-extra-servers-manual.conf
https://github.com/jdlingyu/ad-wars/raw/master/hosts
https://github.com/jlonborg/piblacklist/raw/main/blacklist.txt
https://github.com/joaopinto14/PiHole/raw/main/adverts
https://github.com/kang49/kang49regexblacklistproject/raw/main/blacklist
https://github.com/lesong/Surge/raw/main/rule/BanProgramAD.list
https://github.com/lhie1/Rules/raw/master/Auto/REJECT.conf
https://github.com/mayesidevel/PiHoleLists/raw/master/MiscBlocklist
https://github.com/meinhimmel/hosts/raw/master/hosts
https://github.com/mhhakim/pihole-blocklist/raw/master/custom-blocklist.txt
https://github.com/migueldemoura/ublock-umatrix-rulesets/raw/master/Hosts/ads-tracking
https://github.com/minoplhy/filters/raw/main/Resources/blocked.txt
https://github.com/monojp/hosts_merge/raw/master/hosts_blacklist.txt
https://github.com/mtbnunu/ad-blocklist/raw/master/kr-list.txt
https://github.com/mtxadmin/ublock/raw/master/hosts/_telemetry
https://github.com/mullvad/dns-adblock/raw/main/lists/doh/adblock/custom
https://github.com/muxcc/AdsBlockLists/raw/master/aumm.hosts
https://github.com/nimasaj/uBOPa/raw/master/uBOPa.txt
https://github.com/notracking/hosts-blocklists/raw/master/dnscrypt-proxy/dnscrypt-proxy.blacklist.txt
https://github.com/npljy/npljy.github.io/raw/main/blocks/dns.txt
https://github.com/npljy/npljy.github.io/raw/main/blocks/filter.txt
https://github.com/olegwukr/polish-privacy-filters/raw/master/adblock.txt
https://github.com/parseword/nolovia/raw/master/skel/hosts-government-malware.txt
https://github.com/parseword/nolovia/raw/master/skel/hosts-nolovia.txt
https://github.com/pathforwardit/BlockList/raw/main/DomainList
https://github.com/pirat28/IHateTracker/raw/master/iHateTracker.txt
https://github.com/sa-ki13/jmsf/raw/master/japanese_mobile_site_dns_filter.txt
https://github.com/saurane/Turkish-Blocklist/raw/master/Blocklist/domains.txt
https://github.com/scomper/surge-list/raw/master/reject.list
https://github.com/sirsunknight/QuantumultX/raw/master/Filter/Radical-Advertising
https://github.com/smed79/blacklist/raw/master/hosts.txt
https://github.com/soteria-nou/domain-list/archive/master.zip
https://github.com/stamparm/maltrail/raw/master/trails/static/suspicious/pua.txt
https://github.com/sutchan/dnsmasq_ads_filter/raw/main/dnsmasq-ads-filter-list.txt
https://github.com/svetlyobg/svet-custom-domains/raw/master/ads-domains
https://github.com/tomzuu/blacklist-named/raw/master/ad.sites.conf
https://github.com/tomzuu/blacklist-named/raw/master/phishing.sites.conf
https://github.com/tomzuu/blacklist-named/raw/master/pushing.sites.conf
https://github.com/uBlockOrigin/uAssets/raw/master/filters/badware.txt
https://github.com/uBlockOrigin/uAssets/raw/master/filters/filters.txt
https://github.com/uBlockOrigin/uAssets/raw/master/filters/privacy.txt
https://github.com/unchartedsky/adguard-kr/raw/master/adguard-kr.txt
https://github.com/unflac/adFILTER/raw/master/filter.txt
https://github.com/vokins/ad/raw/main/ad.list
https://github.com/willianreis89/ADsBlock/raw/master/list.txt
https://github.com/wrysunny/ad_list/raw/master/adlist.txt
https://github.com/xOS/Config/raw/Her/Surge/RuleSet/Advertising.list
https://github.com/xinggsf/Adblock-Plus-Rule/raw/master/rule.txt
https://github.com/xlimit91/xlimit91-block-list/raw/master/blacklist.txt
https://github.com/xylagbx/ADBLOCK/raw/master/BLOCK/customadblockdomain.txt
https://github.com/ziozzang/adguard/raw/master/filter.txt
https://github.com/zznidar/BAR/raw/master/BAR-list

我使用这个命令：

awk 'BEGIN{FS=OFS="/"}{if ($6~/^raw$/){$3="raw.githubusercontent.com"; for(i=0;i<=NF;++i) if (i!=6) {printf("%s%s",$i,(i==NF)?"\n":OFS)}}}' urls.txt

若要产生所需的输出：

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2RDLive/Pi-Hole/master/Blacklist.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/34730/asd/master/adaway-export
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/568475513/secret_domain/master/filter.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BlackJack8/iOSAdblockList/master/Regular%20Hosts.txt
...

但是它产生了这样的输出：

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2RDLive/Pi-Hole/raw/master/Blacklist.txt/https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2RDLive/Pi-Hole/master/Blacklist.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/34730/asd/raw/master/adaway-export/https://raw.githubusercontent.com/34730/asd/master/adaway-export
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/568475513/secret_domain/raw/master/filter.txt/https://raw.githubusercontent.com/568475513/secret_domain/master/filter.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BlackJack8/iOSAdblockList/raw/master/Regular%20Hosts.txt/https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BlackJack8/iOSAdblockList/master/Regular%20Hosts.txt
...

为什么要在正确的输出之前打印原始URL的外观？

下面是用gawk -o-清晰地格式化的上面的代码

BEGIN {
    FS = OFS = "/"
}

{
    if ($6 ~ /^raw$/) {
        $3 = "raw.githubusercontent.com"
        for (i = 0; i <= NF; ++i) {
            if (i != 6) {
                printf "%s%s", $i, (i == NF) ? "\n" : OFS
            }
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

唯一真正的问题是awk字段、数组和字符串都从1开始，而不是0，所以循环应该从1开始，而不是0。正如第一次通过循环编写的那样，print $i正在执行print $0。

话虽如此，我认为你想要的是以下几件事情的整理：

$ cat tst.awk
BEGIN { FS=OFS="/" }    
sub(/^raw$/,RS,$6) && sub(OFS RS,"") {
    $3 = "raw.githubusercontent.com"
    print
}

$ awk -f tst.awk urls.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2RDLive/Pi-Hole/master/Blacklist.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/34730/asd/master/adaway-export
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/568475513/secret_domain/master/filter.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BlackJack8/iOSAdblockList/master/Regular%20Hosts.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CipherOps/MiscHostsFiles/master/MiscAdTrackingHostBlock.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DK-255/Pi-hole-list-1/main/Ads-Blocklist
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DRSDavidSoft/additional-hosts/master/domains/blacklist/adservers-and-trackers.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DRSDavidSoft/additional-hosts/master/domains/blacklist/unwanted-iranian.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DandelionSprout/adfilt/master/Alternate%20versions%20Anti-Malware%20List/AntiMalwareHosts.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DavidTai780/AdGuard-Home-Private-Rules/master/hosts.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DivineEngine/Profiles/master/Quantumult/Filter/Guard/Advertising.list
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Hariharann8175/Indicators-of-Compromise-IOC-/master/Ransomware%20URL's
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/JumbomanXDA/host/main/hosts
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Kees1958/W3C_annual_most_used_survey_blocklist/master/EU_US%2Bmost_used_ad_and_tracking_networks
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/KurzGedanke/kurzBlock/master/kurzBlock.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MajkiIT/polish-ads-filter/master/polish-adblock-filters/adblock.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MitaZ/Better_Filter/master/Quantumult_X/Filter.list
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MrWaste/Ad-BlockList-2019-08-31/master/Pi-Hole%20BackUps/Black%20List/All%20Server%20Black%20List
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Neo23x0/signature-base/master/iocs/c2-iocs.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Pentanium/ABClientFilters/master/ko/korean.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Phentora/AdguardPersonalList/master/blocklist.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ShadowWhisperer/BlockLists/master/Lists/Malware
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SlashArash/adblockfa/master/adblockfa.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SukkaW/Surge/master/List/domainset/reject_sukka.conf
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Th3M3/blocklists/master/tracking%26ads.list
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TonyRL/blocklist/master/hosts
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/UnbendableStraw/samsungnosnooping/master/README.md
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/UnluckyLuke/BlockUnderRadarJunk/master/blockunderradarjunk-list.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/VernonStow/Filterlist/master/Filterlist.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/What-Zit-Tooya/Ad-Block/main/Main-Blocklist/Ad-Block-HOSTS.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/XionKzn/PiHole-Lists/master/PiHole/Blocklist_HOSTS.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/YanFung/Ads/master/Mobile
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Yuki2718/adblock/master/adguard/tracking-plus.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Yuki2718/adblock/master/japanese/jp-filters.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ZYX2019/host-block-list/master/Custom.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/abc45628/hosts/master/hosts
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aleclee/DNS-Blacklists/master/AdHosts.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/angelics/pfbng/master/ads/ads-domain-list.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/blocklistproject/Lists/master/ransomware.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cchevy/macedonian-pi-hole-blocklist/master/hosts.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/craiu/mobiletrackers/master/list.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/curutpilek12/adguard-custom-list/main/custom
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/damengzhu/banad/main/jiekouAD.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/deletescape/noads/master/lists/add-switzerland.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/doadin/Pi-Hole-Blocklist/main/block.list
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dreammjow/MyFilters/main/src/filters.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/durablenapkin/block/master/streaming.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/easylist-thailand/easylist-thailand/master/subscription/easylist-thailand.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fandagroupofficial/hosts/main/pihole/ads
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fandagroupofficial/hosts/main/pihole/log
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fandagroupofficial/hosts/main/pihole/trackers
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/faralai/Pihole-Rules/master/Fara-Popups_Head
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/faralai/Pihole-Rules/master/Fara-Xiaomi-info
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/farrokhi/adblock-iran/master/filter.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fskreuz/blocklists/dev/domains.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ftpmorph/ftprivacy/master/regex-blocklists/smartphone-and-general-ads-analytics-regex-blocklist-ftprivacy.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hell-sh/Evil-Domains/master/evil-domains.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hosts-file/BulgarianHostsFile/master/bhf.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/igorskyflyer/ad-void/main/AdVoid.Core.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jackrabbit335/UsefulLinuxShellScripts/master/Hosts%20%26%20sourcelist/blacklist.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jakdev121/AMS2/master/pi_indo_ads.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jakejarvis/ios-trackers/master/blocklist.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jasirfayas/jBlocklist/master/domains.lst
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/javabean/dnsmasq-antispy/master/dnsmasq.ghostery_bugs.conf
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/javabean/dnsmasq-antispy/master/dnsmasq.zz-extra-servers-manual.conf
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jdlingyu/ad-wars/master/hosts
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jlonborg/piblacklist/main/blacklist.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/joaopinto14/PiHole/main/adverts
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kang49/kang49regexblacklistproject/main/blacklist
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lesong/Surge/main/rule/BanProgramAD.list
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lhie1/Rules/master/Auto/REJECT.conf
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mayesidevel/PiHoleLists/master/MiscBlocklist
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/meinhimmel/hosts/master/hosts
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mhhakim/pihole-blocklist/master/custom-blocklist.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/migueldemoura/ublock-umatrix-rulesets/master/Hosts/ads-tracking
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/minoplhy/filters/main/Resources/blocked.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/monojp/hosts_merge/master/hosts_blacklist.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mtbnunu/ad-blocklist/master/kr-list.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mtxadmin/ublock/master/hosts/_telemetry
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mullvad/dns-adblock/main/lists/doh/adblock/custom
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/muxcc/AdsBlockLists/master/aumm.hosts
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nimasaj/uBOPa/master/uBOPa.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/notracking/hosts-blocklists/master/dnscrypt-proxy/dnscrypt-proxy.blacklist.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/npljy/npljy.github.io/main/blocks/dns.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/npljy/npljy.github.io/main/blocks/filter.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/olegwukr/polish-privacy-filters/master/adblock.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/parseword/nolovia/master/skel/hosts-government-malware.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/parseword/nolovia/master/skel/hosts-nolovia.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pathforwardit/BlockList/main/DomainList
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pirat28/IHateTracker/master/iHateTracker.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sa-ki13/jmsf/master/japanese_mobile_site_dns_filter.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/saurane/Turkish-Blocklist/master/Blocklist/domains.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/scomper/surge-list/master/reject.list
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sirsunknight/QuantumultX/master/Filter/Radical-Advertising
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/smed79/blacklist/master/hosts.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/stamparm/maltrail/master/trails/static/suspicious/pua.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sutchan/dnsmasq_ads_filter/main/dnsmasq-ads-filter-list.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/svetlyobg/svet-custom-domains/master/ads-domains
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tomzuu/blacklist-named/master/ad.sites.conf
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tomzuu/blacklist-named/master/phishing.sites.conf
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tomzuu/blacklist-named/master/pushing.sites.conf
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/uBlockOrigin/uAssets/master/filters/badware.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/uBlockOrigin/uAssets/master/filters/filters.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/uBlockOrigin/uAssets/master/filters/privacy.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unchartedsky/adguard-kr/master/adguard-kr.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unflac/adFILTER/master/filter.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vokins/ad/main/ad.list
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/willianreis89/ADsBlock/master/list.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wrysunny/ad_list/master/adlist.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xOS/Config/Her/Surge/RuleSet/Advertising.list
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xinggsf/Adblock-Plus-Rule/master/rule.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xlimit91/xlimit91-block-list/master/blacklist.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xylagbx/ADBLOCK/master/BLOCK/customadblockdomain.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ziozzang/adguard/master/filter.txt
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zznidar/BAR/master/BAR-list

其中唯一有点棘手的部分是sub(/^raw$/,RS,$6) && sub(OFS RS,"")，它是如何删除awk中的中间记录字段--首先将字段转换为与RS匹配的字符串，因为输入中不存在这个字段(我们可以直接使用RS，当它是像\n这样的字符串而不是regexp时)，所以我们在第6个字段中将raw更改为\n，这意味着记录现在包含/\n/，然后删除/\n，从而删除了第6个字段和之前的/。