如何将每个句子用自定义标记颜色包装在标签内？

Question

我正在使用漂亮的汤和请求加载一个网站的HTML (例如https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant)。我想模仿这个页面，但我想在'p‘标签(段落)中给句子着色。

为此，我用空格把课文分解成句子。我为感兴趣的人选择了一种颜色(一种基于二元深度学习分类器的概率颜色)。

def get_colorized_p(p):
    
    doc = nlp(p.text) # p is the beautiful soup p tag
    string = '<p>'
    for sentence in doc.sents:
        # The prediction value in anything within 0 to 1.
        prediction = classify(sentence.text, model=model, pred_values=True)[1][1].numpy()
        # I am using a custom function to map the prediction to a hex colour.
        color = get_hexcolor(prediction)
        string += f'<mark style="background: {color};">{sentence.text} </mark> '
    string += '</p>'
    return string # I create a new long string with the markup

我在p标记中创建了一个带有HTML标记的新长字符串。现在，我想替换美丽的汤对象中的“旧”元素。我用一个简单的循环来完成这个任务：

for element in tqdm_notebook(soup.findAll()):
    if element.name == 'p':
        if len(element.text.split()) > 2: 
            element = get_colorized_p(element)

但是，当我呈现HTML文件时，这不会产生任何错误。显示HTML文件时不使用标记。

我正在使用jupyter快速显示HTML文件：

from IPython.display import display, HTML

display(HTML(html_file))

然而，这是行不通的。我确实验证了get_colorized_p返回的字符串。当我在单个p元素上使用它并呈现它时，它工作得很好。但是我想把字符串插入到漂亮的汤对象中。

我希望任何人都能对这个问题有所了解。替换循环中的元素会出错。然而，我不知道如何修复它。

呈现字符串示例的示例，以防万一：

<p><mark style="background: #edf8fb;">Elephants are the largest existing land animals.</mark><mark style="background: #f1fafc;">Three living species are currently recognised: the African bush elephant, the African forest elephant, and the Asian elephant.</mark><mark style="background: #f3fafc;">They are an informal grouping within the proboscidean family Elephantidae.</mark><mark style="background: #f3fafc;">Elephantidae is the only surviving family of proboscideans; extinct members include the mastodons.</mark><mark style="background: #eff9fb;">Elephantidae also contains several extinct groups, including the mammoths and straight-tusked elephants.</mark><mark style="background: #68c3a6;">African elephants have larger ears and concave backs, whereas Asian elephants have smaller ears, and convex or level backs.</mark><mark style="background: #56ba91;">The distinctive features of all elephants include a long proboscis called a trunk, tusks, large ear flaps, massive legs, and tough but sensitive skin.</mark><mark style="background: #d4efec;">The trunk is used for breathing, bringing food and water to the mouth, and grasping objects.</mark><mark style="background: #e7f6f9;">Tusks, which are derived from the incisor teeth, serve both as weapons and as tools for moving objects and digging.</mark><mark style="background: #d9f1f0;">The large ear flaps assist in maintaining a constant body temperature as well as in communication.</mark><mark style="background: #e5f5f9;">The pillar-like legs carry their great weight.</mark><mark style="background: #72c7ad;"> </mark></p>

Answer 1

就像这个想法和配色方案--在我看来，主要问题是你试图用一个tag取代string，而你应该用一个bs4 object来调味你的soup，让它变得更有新意：

for element in tqdm_notebook(soup.find_all()):
    if element.name == 'p':
        if len(element.text.split()) > 2: 
            element.replace_with(BeautifulSoup(get_colorized_p(element), 'html.parser'))

将soup转换回字符串并尝试显示它：

display(HTML(str(soup)))

在较新的代码中，避免使用旧语法findAll()，而是使用find_all() -要获得更多信息，请花一分钟时间讨论https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/#method-names。

示例

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from IPython.display import display, HTML

html = '''
    <p>Elephants are the largest ...</p>
'''
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')

def get_colorized_p(element):
    ### processing and returning of result str
    return '<p><mark style="background: #edf8fb;">Elephants are the largest existing land animals.</mark><mark style="background: #f1fafc;">Three living species are currently recognised: the African bush elephant, the African forest elephant, and the Asian elephant.</mark><mark style="background: #f3fafc;">They are an informal grouping within the proboscidean family Elephantidae.</mark><mark style="background: #f3fafc;">Elephantidae is the only surviving family of proboscideans; extinct members include the mastodons.</mark><mark style="background: #eff9fb;">Elephantidae also contains several extinct groups, including the mammoths and straight-tusked elephants.</mark><mark style="background: #68c3a6;">African elephants have larger ears and concave backs, whereas Asian elephants have smaller ears, and convex or level backs.</mark><mark style="background: #56ba91;">The distinctive features of all elephants include a long proboscis called a trunk, tusks, large ear flaps, massive legs, and tough but sensitive skin.</mark><mark style="background: #d4efec;">The trunk is used for breathing, bringing food and water to the mouth, and grasping objects.</mark><mark style="background: #e7f6f9;">Tusks, which are derived from the incisor teeth, serve both as weapons and as tools for moving objects and digging.</mark><mark style="background: #d9f1f0;">The large ear flaps assist in maintaining a constant body temperature as well as in communication.</mark><mark style="background: #e5f5f9;">The pillar-like legs carry their great weight.</mark><mark style="background: #72c7ad;"> </mark></p>'

for element in soup.find_all():
    if element.name == 'p':
        if len(element.text.split()) > 2: 
            element.replace_with(BeautifulSoup(get_colorized_p(element), 'html.parser'))

display(HTML(str(soup)))

不完全相同，但非常接近你问题中的行为：？

Answer 2

element = get_colorized_p(element)分配一个局部变量，该局部变量从此不再被for-循环变量使用/覆盖。您需要保存已处理的元素，例如将它们连接到一个字符串中。

html = ''
for element in tqdm_notebook(soup.findAll()):
    if element.name == 'p' and len(element.text.split()) > 2: 
        html += get_colorized_p(element)
    else:
        html += element.text

display(HTML(html))