配色时返回字符串索引错误。

Question

我正试图在游戏中创建一个蠕虫克隆。我用于确定字母颜色(determine_colour)的功能目前造成以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/sessions/e9773df3e08e9b22/main.py", line 77, in <module>
    colour = determine_colour(GUESSES[i], j)
  File "/tmp/sessions/e9773df3e08e9b22/main.py", line 34, in determine_colour
    if letter == ANSWER[j]:
IndexError: string index out of range

我的代码如下：

import random
import pygame

word_options = ("NANCY")
ANSWER  = random.choice(word_options).upper()


WIDTH = 600
HEIGHT = 700
MARGIN = 10
T_MARGIN = 100
B_MARGIN = 100
LR_MARGIN = 100


GREY = (225, 227, 229)
GREY_FILLED = (120, 124, 126)
GREEN = (6,214,160)
YELLOW = (255, 209, 102)

INPUT = ""
GUESSES = []
ALPHABET = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
UNGUESSED = ALPHABET
GAME_OVER = False

pygame.init()
pygame.font.init()
pygame.display.set_caption("Nancdle")

def determine_colour(guess, j):
  letter = guess[j]

  if letter == ANSWER[j]:
    return GREEN

    #yellow
  if letter in ANSWER:
    return YELLOW
    
    #grey
  return GREY_FILLED
    
  
SQ_SIZE = (WIDTH-4*MARGIN-2*LR_MARGIN) // 5
FONT = pygame.font.SysFont("free sans bold", SQ_SIZE)
FONT_SMALL = pygame.font.SysFont("free sans bold", SQ_SIZE//2)
def determine_unguessed_letters(guesses):
  guessed_letters = "".join(guesses)
  unguessed_letters = ""
  for letter in ALPHABET:
    if letter not in guessed_letters:
      unguessed_letters = unguessed_letters+letter
  return unguessed_letters
#screen
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
white = (255, 255, 255)
#animation loop
animating = True
while animating:

  screen.fill(white)
  determine_unguessed_letters(GUESSES)
  
  letters = FONT_SMALL.render(UNGUESSED, False, GREY_FILLED)
  surface = letters.get_rect(center = (WIDTH//2, T_MARGIN//2))
  screen.blit(letters, surface)
  
  y = T_MARGIN
  for i in range(6):
    x = LR_MARGIN
    for j in range(0,5):
      square = pygame.Rect(x, y, SQ_SIZE, SQ_SIZE)
      pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREY, square, 2)
      #to add past letters/words
      if i < len(GUESSES):
        colour = determine_colour(GUESSES[i], j)
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, colour, square)
        letter = FONT.render(GUESSES[i][j], False, (255,255,255))
        surface = letter.get_rect(center = (x+SQ_SIZE//2, y+SQ_SIZE//2))
        screen.blit(letter, surface)
        
      # user text input (next guess)
      if i == len(GUESSES) and j < len(INPUT):
        letter = FONT.render(INPUT[j], False, (0, 0, 0))
        surface = letter.get_rect(center=(x+SQ_SIZE//2, y+SQ_SIZE//2))
        screen.blit(letter, surface)
      x += SQ_SIZE + MARGIN
    y += SQ_SIZE + MARGIN
  
    
  #to update screen
  pygame.display.flip()
  for event in pygame.event.get():
    #so you can close window
    if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
      animating = False
    
    
    
    elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
      if event.key == pygame.K_BACKSPACE:
        if len(INPUT) > 0:
          INPUT = INPUT[:len(INPUT) - 1]
      if event.key == pygame.K_RETURN:
        if len(INPUT) == 5:
          GUESSES.append(INPUT)
          UNGUESSED = determine_unguessed_letters(GUESSES)
          GAME_OVER = True if INPUT == ANSWER else False
          INPUT = ""
      elif event.key in range(pygame.K_a, pygame.K_z + 1):
        # any other letter keys pressed
        if len(INPUT) < 5 and not GAME_OVER:
          INPUT = INPUT + event.unicode.upper()
      elif event.key in [pygame.K_BACKSPACE, pygame.K_DELETE]:
        INPUT = INPUT[:-1]  # don't need to check length

我尝试了几次for循环类型的迭代，更改了“确定颜色”函数的代码，检查了我的输入代码，并查看了用于选择单词的代码，但都没有结果。我希望"AZNCY“这个词被输入为黄色、灰色、绿色。

Answer 1

你的可变答案是由一个字母组成的。random.choice('xyz')->returning是一个字母，所以当您尝试访问ANSWERnumber>0时，您将自动得到索引测距的错误。接下来，时间试着去阅读错误，我希望它能有所帮助。

编辑:对不起，OP，我以为我的答案足以解决这个问题。试着把你的单词南希分开来回答，就像那个答案= 'N'，'A'，'N'，'C'，'Y‘。希望这是你的解决方案。

Answer 2

导致索引问题的原因是因为在开始时有以下两条语句：

word_options = ("NANCY")
ANSWER = random.choice(word_options).upper()

这第一行将word_options设置为单个字符串("NANCY")，第二行将ANSWER设置为该字符串的单个字母。

可以通过添加一个后缀逗号来使字符串的tuple成为字符串的word_options来解决这个问题--这可能是您的意图，也是通过在括号中插入字符串来实现的：

word_options = ("NANCY",)  # Note added comma.
ANSWER = random.choice(word_options).upper()

然后random.choice()将ANSWER设置为整个字符串 "NANCY"，而不仅仅是其中的一个字母。

还为测试目的设置GUESSES = ["AZNCY"]之后，IndexError不再发生，以下内容显示在屏幕上：

​

​

Answer 3

我目前是一个初学者，但希望这个洞察力可以提供一个解决方案：

由于j在猜测时超出了范围，所以如果要从0中索引，请检查所有重要的实例，因为当您有来自0的list索引时。

示例：

• A、B、C等
• 0 1 2等

或者这就是问题所在，如果是==呢？

if i < len(GUESSES) <----------- THIS
  colour = determine_colour(GUESSES[i], j)