Java -从形状创建一个按钮
Java -从形状创建一个按钮
提问于 2022-04-28 20:04:43
我目前正在学习Java，并且已经被分配到完成一个程序来创建Conways的生命(我们从提供给我们的一些代码开始，并且必须添加一些特性等等)。
我目前被困在一个菜单选项的游戏。我希望它从菜单屏幕开始，在菜单屏幕顶部显示“开始”、“随机”、“加载”、“保存”按钮。我已经编写了代码，以便程序通过我的画图方法中的fillRect选项显示这些按钮。
我的问题是，如何使用mousePressed方法来识别所选的单元格，以便在它们被选中时进行操作。我已经看了很长时间了，但似乎无法做到这一点。
任何建议都是一种巨大的帮助。我在下面分享了我的代码。这是一项正在进行的工作，但在继续使用其他功能之前，我真的很想让它发挥作用。
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.image.*;
public class ConwaysLife extends JFrame implements Runnable, MouseListener {
// member data
private BufferStrategy strategy;
private Graphics offscreenBuffer;
private boolean gameState[][] = new boolean[40][40];
private boolean isGameInProgress = false;
// constructor
public ConwaysLife () {
//Display the window, centred on the screen
Dimension screensize = java.awt.Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
int x = screensize.width/2 - 400;
int y = screensize.height/2 - 400;
setBounds(x, y, 800, 800);
setVisible(true);
this.setTitle("Conway's game of life");
// initialise double-buffering
createBufferStrategy(2);
strategy = getBufferStrategy();
offscreenBuffer = strategy.getDrawGraphics();
// register the Jframe itself to receive mouse events
addMouseListener(this);
// initialise the game state
for (x=0;x<40;x++) {
for (y=0;y<40;y++) {
gameState[x][y]=false;
}
}
// create and start our animation thread
Thread t = new Thread(this);
t.start();
}
// thread's entry point
public void run() {
while ( 1==1 ) {
// 1: sleep for 1/5 sec
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) { }
// 2: animate game objects [nothing yet!]
/*if (isGameInProgress == false) {
this.repaint();
}*/
// 3: force an application repaint
this.repaint();
}
}
// mouse events which must be implemented for MouseListener
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
while (!isGameInProgress) {
int x = e.getX()/20;
int y = e.getY()/20;
if(x >= 10 && x <= 80 && y >= 40 && y <= 65) {
isGameInProgress = !isGameInProgress;
this.repaint();
}
}
// determine which cell of the gameState array was clicked on
int x = e.getX()/20;
int y = e.getY()/20;
// toggle the state of the cell
gameState[x][y] = !gameState[x][y];
// request an extra repaint, to get immediate visual feedback
this.repaint();
}
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) { }
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) { }
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) { }
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { }
//
// application's paint method
public void paint(Graphics g) {
Font font = new Font("Veranda", Font.BOLD, 20);
g = offscreenBuffer; // draw to off screen buffer
// clear the canvas with a big black rectangle
g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
g.fillRect(0, 0, 800, 800);
/*look to add a while game in progress loop here!!!*/
// draw menu options
if(!isGameInProgress) {
g.setColor(Color.green);
g.fillRect(10, 40, 70, 25);
g.fillRect(100, 40, 100, 25);
g.fillRect(300, 40, 170, 25);
g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
g.setFont(font);
g.drawString("Start", 15, 60);
g.drawString("Random", 105, 60);
g.drawString("Load", 305, 60);
g.drawString("Save", 395, 60);
}
// redraw all game objects
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
for (int x=0;x<40;x++) {
for (int y=0;y<40;y++) {
if (gameState[x][y]) {
g.fillRect(x*20, y*20, 20, 20);
}
}
}
// flip the buffers
strategy.show();
}
// application entry point
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConwaysLife w = new ConwaysLife();
}
}回答 1
Stack Overflow用户
回答已采纳
发布于 2022-04-28 22:49:38
你不会喜欢答案，但这是解决问题的“正确”方法。
您需要了解的是，Swing/AWT使用的是“被动”呈现工作流，而BufferStrategy使用的是“主动”呈现工作流，它们互不兼容。
通常情况下，您不应该覆盖顶级容器(如paint )的JFrame，这将以无休止的问题结束。相反，您应该从类似JPanel的内容开始，而不是重写它的paintComponent方法。
尽管如此，有一个“更简单”的解决方案可供您使用。CardLayout。这将使您能够将菜单的工作流从游戏中分离出来，并解决Swing/AWT和BufferStrategy之间的问题。
例如..。
import java.awt.Canvas;
import java.awt.CardLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Component;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.FontMetrics;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.Insets;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.image.BufferStrategy;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
public final class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Main();
}
public Main() {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
frame.add(new MainPane());
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
public class MainPane extends JPanel {
enum View {
MENU, GAME;
}
private CardLayout cardLayout = new CardLayout();
private GamePane gamePane;
public MainPane() {
setLayout(cardLayout);
gamePane = new GamePane();
add(new MenuPane(new MenuPane.Observer() {
@Override
public void startNewGame() {
showGame();
}
@Override
public void randomGame() {
}
@Override
public void loadGame() {
}
@Override
public void saveGame() {
}
}), View.MENU);
add(gamePane, View.GAME);
}
protected void add(Component compent, View view) {
add(compent, view.name());
}
protected void showGame() {
show(View.GAME);
gamePane.start();
}
protected void showMenu() {
gamePane.stop();
show(View.MENU);
}
protected void show(View view) {
cardLayout.show(this, view.name());
}
}
public class MenuPane extends JPanel {
public interface Observer {
public void startNewGame();
public void randomGame();
public void loadGame();
public void saveGame();
}
private Observer observer;
public MenuPane(Observer observer) {
this.observer = observer;
JButton startButton = new JButton("Start");
JButton randomButton = new JButton("Random");
JButton loadButton = new JButton("Load");
JButton saveButton = new JButton("Save");
setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
gbc.ipadx = 10;
gbc.ipady = 10;
gbc.insets = new Insets(8, 8, 8, 8);
gbc.weightx = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
add(startButton, gbc);
add(randomButton, gbc);
add(loadButton, gbc);
add(saveButton, gbc);
startButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
observer.startNewGame();
}
});
randomButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
observer.randomGame();
}
});
loadButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
observer.loadGame();
}
});
saveButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
observer.saveGame();
}
});
}
}
public class GamePane extends Canvas {
private Thread thread;
private volatile boolean isRunning = false;
public GamePane() {
setBackground(Color.BLACK);
}
@Override
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
return new Dimension(800, 800);
}
protected void start() {
if (isRunning) {
return;
}
createBufferStrategy(3);
isRunning = true;
thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
mainLoop();
}
});
thread.start();
}
protected void stop() {
if (!isRunning || thread == null) {
return;
}
isRunning = false;
try {
thread.join();
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
}
thread = null;
}
protected void mainLoop() {
try {
while (isRunning) {
render();
Thread.sleep(16);
}
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
}
}
protected void render() {
BufferStrategy strategy = getBufferStrategy();
if (strategy == null) {
return;
}
// Render single frame
do {
// The following loop ensures that the contents of the drawing buffer
// are consistent in case the underlying surface was recreated
do {
// Get a new graphics context every time through the loop
// to make sure the strategy is validated
Graphics graphics = strategy.getDrawGraphics();
FontMetrics fm = graphics.getFontMetrics();
String text = "All your game are belong to us";
int x = (getWidth() - fm.stringWidth(text)) / 2;
int y = (getHeight() - fm.getHeight()) / 2;
graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);
graphics.drawString(text, x, y + fm.getAscent());
// Render to graphics
// ...
// Dispose the graphics
graphics.dispose();
// Repeat the rendering if the drawing buffer contents
// were restored
} while (strategy.contentsRestored());
// Display the buffer
strategy.show();
// Repeat the rendering if the drawing buffer was lost
} while (strategy.contentsLost());
}
}
}我强烈建议你花时间阅读：
基于“完全”BufferStrategy的方法..。
现在，如果您不能使用Swing，“出于原因”，则仍然可以使用“委托”实现模拟概念。
基本上，这意味着将执行某些工作流的责任“委托”给另一个工作流。在这种情况下，我们希望委派鼠标事件的呈现和处理。
这允许您有一个专门的工作流程菜单和一个专门的工作流程为游戏，而不必尝试和混合了很多状态。
为什么我要坚持分离这两个工作流呢？简单地说，这是因为它使管理和推理变得更加容易，同时也因为它支持单一责任原则。
下面的示例使用Renderable interface来定义结束“呈现”委托将需要实现的核心功能，在本例中，非常简单，我们希望告诉呈现器在每次画板传递上“呈现”它的内容，我们希望(可选地)委托鼠标单击事件(这可以直接通过第二个interface甚至MouseListener interface来完成，但为了演示目的，我已经将其作为Renderable interface的一个要求。
您的实际问题的“基本”解决方案是通过使用Rectangle#contains(Point)找到的。
这基本上是检查每个“按钮”Rectangle，以确定所提供的MouseEvent是否发生在它的范围内，如果发生了，我们就采取行动。
然而，由于我们需要提前构建Rectangle，并不困难，但它实际上是依赖于父程序的状态，因为我们需要知道显示呈现程序的区域，运行这个示例，您将看到我的意思。
import java.awt.Canvas;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.FontMetrics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferStrategy;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
public final class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Main();
}
public Main() {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
MainPane mainPane = new MainPane();
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
frame.add(mainPane);
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
mainPane.start();
}
});
}
public interface Renderable {
public void render(Graphics2D g2d, Dimension size);
// We could just extend from MouseListener
// but I don't need all those event handlers
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e);
}
public class MainPane extends Canvas {
private Thread thread;
private volatile boolean isRunning = false;
private Renderable currentRenderer;
private MenuRenderer menuRenderer;
private GameRenderer gameRenderer;
public MainPane() {
setBackground(Color.BLACK);
gameRenderer = new GameRenderer();
menuRenderer = new MenuRenderer(new MenuRenderer.Observer() {
@Override
public void startNewGame() {
showGame();
}
@Override
public void randomGame() {
}
@Override
public void loadGame() {
}
@Override
public void saveGame() {
}
});
showMenu();
addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
@Override
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
if (currentRenderer == null) {
return;
}
currentRenderer.mouseClicked(e);
}
});
}
protected void showMenu() {
// This may need to tell the game renderer to stop
// or pause
currentRenderer = menuRenderer;
}
protected void showGame() {
currentRenderer = gameRenderer;
}
@Override
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
return new Dimension(800, 800);
}
protected void start() {
if (isRunning) {
return;
}
createBufferStrategy(3);
isRunning = true;
thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
mainLoop();
}
});
thread.start();
}
protected void stop() {
if (!isRunning || thread == null) {
return;
}
isRunning = false;
try {
thread.join();
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
}
thread = null;
}
protected void mainLoop() {
try {
while (isRunning) {
render();
Thread.sleep(16);
}
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
}
}
protected void render() {
BufferStrategy strategy = getBufferStrategy();
if (strategy == null && currentRenderer != null) {
return;
}
// Render single frame
do {
// The following loop ensures that the contents of the drawing buffer
// are consistent in case the underlying surface was recreated
do {
// Get a new graphics context every time through the loop
// to make sure the strategy is validated
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) strategy.getDrawGraphics();
g2d.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
g2d.fillRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight());
RenderingHints hints = new RenderingHints(
RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON
);
g2d.setRenderingHints(hints);
// Render to graphics
currentRenderer.render(g2d, getSize());
// Dispose the graphics
g2d.dispose();
// Repeat the rendering if the drawing buffer contents
// were restored
} while (strategy.contentsRestored());
// Display the buffer
strategy.show();
// Repeat the rendering if the drawing buffer was lost
} while (strategy.contentsLost());
}
}
public class GameRenderer implements Renderable {
@Override
public void render(Graphics2D g2d, Dimension size) {
FontMetrics fm = g2d.getFontMetrics();
String text = "All your game are belong to us";
int x = (size.width - fm.stringWidth(text)) / 2;
int y = (size.height - fm.getHeight()) / 2;
g2d.setColor(Color.WHITE);
g2d.drawString(text, x, y + fm.getAscent());
}
@Override
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
}
}
public class MenuRenderer implements Renderable {
public interface Observer {
public void startNewGame();
public void randomGame();
public void loadGame();
public void saveGame();
}
private Observer observer;
private String[] menuOptions = new String[]{
"New Game",
"Random",
"Load Game",
"Save Game"
};
private Rectangle[] menuBounds;
private int internalPadding = 20;
private int horizontalGap = 16;
public MenuRenderer(Observer observer) {
this.observer = observer;
}
@Override
public void render(Graphics2D g2d, Dimension size) {
if (menuBounds == null) {
createMenus(g2d, size);
}
renderMenus(g2d);
}
protected void createMenus(Graphics2D g2d, Dimension size) {
FontMetrics fm = g2d.getFontMetrics();
int totalHeight = (((fm.getHeight() + internalPadding) + horizontalGap) * menuOptions.length) - horizontalGap;
int buttonHeight = fm.getHeight() + internalPadding;
menuBounds = new Rectangle[menuOptions.length];
int buttonWidth = 0;
for (int index = 0; index < menuOptions.length; index++) {
int width = fm.stringWidth(menuOptions[index]) + internalPadding;
buttonWidth = Math.max(width, buttonWidth);
}
int yPos = (size.height - totalHeight) / 2;
for (int index = 0; index < menuOptions.length; index++) {
int xPos = (size.width - buttonWidth) / 2;
Rectangle menuRectangle = new Rectangle(xPos, yPos, buttonWidth, buttonHeight);
menuBounds[index] = menuRectangle;
yPos += buttonHeight + (horizontalGap / 2);
}
}
protected void renderMenus(Graphics2D g2d) {
for (int index = 0; index < menuOptions.length; index++) {
String text = menuOptions[index];
Rectangle bounds = menuBounds[index];
renderMenu(g2d, text, bounds);
}
}
protected void renderMenu(Graphics2D g2d, String text, Rectangle bounds) {
FontMetrics fm = g2d.getFontMetrics();
int textWidth = fm.stringWidth(text);
int textXPos = (bounds.x + (internalPadding / 2)) + ((bounds.width - internalPadding - textWidth) / 2);
int textYPos = bounds.y + (internalPadding / 2);
RoundRectangle2D buttonBackground = new RoundRectangle2D.Double(bounds.x, bounds.y, bounds.width, bounds.height, 20, 20);
g2d.setColor(Color.BLUE.darker());
g2d.fill(buttonBackground);
g2d.setColor(Color.WHITE);
g2d.drawString(text, textXPos, textYPos + fm.getAscent());
}
@Override
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
if (menuBounds == null) {
return;
}
for (int index = 0; index < menuOptions.length; index++) {
if (menuBounds[index].contains(e.getPoint())) {
switch (index) {
case 0:
observer.startNewGame();
break;
case 2:
observer.randomGame();
break;
case 3:
observer.loadGame();
break;
case 4:
observer.saveGame();
break;
}
}
}
}
}
}页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/72049597
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