解析嵌套列表

Question

因此，我有一个嵌套列表，需要对其进行解析和操作。我从Merriam Webster字典API获得这些数据。

以下是JSON数据的样子：

[
  {
    "meta": {
      "id": "trellis:2",
      "uuid": "3a22ee1d-f552-4836-bd2a-3e6b2fe11884",
      "sort": "200364400",
      "src": "collegiate",
      "section": "alpha",
      "stems": [
        "trellis",
        "trellised",
        "trellises",
        "trellising"
      ],
      "offensive": false
    },
    "hom": 2,
    "hwi": {
      "hw": "trellis"
    },
    "fl": "verb",
    "ins": [
      {
        "if": "trel*lised"
      },
      {
        "if": "trel*lis*ing"
      },
      {
        "if": "trel*lis*es"
      }
    ],
    "def": [
      {
        "vd": "transitive verb",
        "sseq": [
          [
            [
              "sense",
              {
                "sn": "1",
                "dt": [
                  [
                    "text",
                    "{bc}to provide with a trellis"
                  ]
                ],
                "sdsense": {
                  "sd": "especially",
                  "dt": [
                    [
                      "text",
                      "{bc}to train (a plant, such as a vine) on a trellis"
                    ]
                  ]
                }
              }
            ]
          ],
          [
            [
              "sense",
              {
                "sn": "2",
                "dt": [
                  [
                    "text",
                    "{bc}to cross or interlace on or through {bc}{sx|interweave||}"
                  ]
                ]
              }
            ]
          ]
        ]
      }
    ],
    "date": "15th century{ds||1||}",
    "shortdef": [
      "to provide with a trellis; especially : to train (a plant, such as a vine) on a trellis",
      "to cross or interlace on or through : interweave"
    ]
  },
  {
    "meta": {
      "id": "trellis:1",
      "uuid": "db2e1190-dd93-45f3-831c-9e9536aab601",
      "sort": "200364300",
      "src": "collegiate",
      "section": "alpha",
      "stems": [
        "trellis",
        "trellised",
        "trellises"
      ],
      "offensive": false
    },
    "hom": 1,
    "hwi": {
      "hw": "trel*lis",
      "prs": [
        {
          "mw": "ˈtre-ləs",
          "sound": {
            "audio": "trelli01",
            "ref": "c",
            "stat": "1"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "fl": "noun",
    "def": [
      {
        "sseq": [
          [
            [
              "sense",
              {
                "sn": "1",
                "dt": [
                  [
                    "text",
                    "{bc}a frame of latticework used as a screen or as a support for climbing plants"
                  ]
                ]
              }
            ]
          ],
          [
            [
              "sense",
              {
                "sn": "2",
                "dt": [
                  [
                    "text",
                    "{bc}a construction (such as a summerhouse) chiefly of latticework"
                  ]
                ]
              }
            ]
          ],
          [
            [
              "sense",
              {
                "sn": "3",
                "dt": [
                  [
                    "text",
                    "{bc}an arrangement that forms or gives the effect of a lattice "
                  ],
                  [
                    "vis",
                    [
                      {
                        "t": "a {wi}trellis{/wi} of interlacing streams"
                      }
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              }
            ]
          ]
        ]
      }
    ],
    "uros": [
      {
        "ure": "trel*lised",
        "prs": [
          {
            "mw": "ˈtre-ləst",
            "sound": {
              "audio": "trelli02",
              "ref": "c",
              "stat": "1"
            }
          }
        ],
        "fl": "adjective"
      }
    ],
    "art": {
      "artid": "trellis",
      "capt": "trellis 1"
    },
    "et": [
      [
        "text",
        "Middle English {it}trelis{/it}, from Anglo-French {it}treleis{/it}, from Old French {it}treille{/it} arbor, from Latin {it}trichila{/it} summerhouse"
      ]
    ],
    "date": "14th century{ds||1||}",
    "shortdef": [
      "a frame of latticework used as a screen or as a support for climbing plants",
      "a construction (such as a summerhouse) chiefly of latticework",
      "an arrangement that forms or gives the effect of a lattice"
    ]
  }
]

下面是我想要将数据更改为:我从shortdef中提取定义

Definition (Entry 1/2):
1: to provide with a trellis; especially : to train (a plant, such as a vine) on a trellis

2: to cross or interlace on or through : interweave1: a frame of latticework used as a screen or as a support for climbing plants

Definition (Entry 2/2):
1: a frame of latticework used as a screen or as a support for climbing plants

2: a construction (such as a summerhouse) chiefly of latticework

3: an arrangement that forms or gives the effect of a lattice

下面的代码只能解析非嵌套列表，我很难找到如何修改它以解析嵌套列表：

defin_formatted = ""
word_defin = []
for i in data:
    word_defin.append(i['shortdef'])

for group in word_defin:
    if len(group) > 1:
        result = []
        for i,v in enumerate(group):
            result.append("**{}:** {}".format(i+1, v))
        group = '\n\n'.join(result)
        
    else:
        group = group[0]
    defin_formatted = defin_formatted + group

此代码生成以下输出：

1: to provide with a trellis; especially : to train (a plant, such as a vine) on a trellis

2: to cross or interlace on or through : interweave1: a frame of latticework used as a screen or as a support for climbing plants

2: a construction (such as a summerhouse) chiefly of latticework

3: an arrangement that forms or gives the effect of a lattice

这是非常接近，所以什么是打算，但有缺陷

Answer 1

下面是我如何处理这个问题的方法。首先，抽取到一个结构中，它更适合我们想要做的转换，其次，转换/装饰本身。最后一步是构建一个实际的字符串，其中包含所有的定义(或多个定义)。

import warnings
from collections import defaultdict

data2 = defaultdict(dict)
for i, d in enumerate(data):
    try:
        key, num = d['meta']['id'].split(':', 1)
        defs = d['shortdef']
        data2[key][num] = defs
    except KeyError as e:
        warnings.warn(f'caught in data[{i}]: {e!r}')

data2 = {k: [defs for _, defs in sorted(v.items())] for k, v in data2.items()}

在这一点上，我们有一个包含我们想要的信息的结构：

>>> data2
{'trellis': [['a frame of latticework used as a screen or as a support for climbing plants',
   'a construction (such as a summerhouse) chiefly of latticework',
   'an arrangement that forms or gives the effect of a lattice'],
  ['to provide with a trellis; especially : to train (a plant, such as a vine) on a trellis',
   'to cross or interlace on or through : interweave']]}

然后，我们可以进行一些转换(所有的理解)，用“(条目i，n)”来修饰定义和示例编号。

nested_lines = [
    (f'Definition of {k} (Entry {i} of {len(v)})',
     [f'{j}: {txt}' for j, txt in enumerate(defs, 1)])
    for k, v in data2.items()
    for i, defs in enumerate(v, 1)
]

我们现在有：

>>> nested_lines
[('Definition of trellis (Entry 1 of 2)',
  ['1: a frame of latticework used as a screen or as a support for climbing plants',
   '2: a construction (such as a summerhouse) chiefly of latticework',
   '3: an arrangement that forms or gives the effect of a lattice']),
 ('Definition of trellis (Entry 2 of 2)',
  ['1: to provide with a trellis; especially : to train (a plant, such as a vine) on a trellis',
   '2: to cross or interlace on or through : interweave'])]

现在，如果我们想打印这些定义，比如说，我们可以：

text = '\n\n'.join(['\n'.join([k, '', '\n'.join(v)]) for k, v in nested_lines])

>>> print(text)
Definition of trellis (Entry 1 of 2)

1: a frame of latticework used as a screen or as a support for climbing plants
2: a construction (such as a summerhouse) chiefly of latticework
3: an arrangement that forms or gives the effect of a lattice

Definition of trellis (Entry 2 of 2)

1: to provide with a trellis; especially : to train (a plant, such as a vine) on a trellis
2: to cross or interlace on or through : interweave