安装microsoft构建工具后在windows上安装web3时出错

Question

我刚接触过python，几天来一直在尝试安装web3，即使在安装了microsoft并检查了所有诸如windows 10 yet和所有c++ build tools.But之类的功能之后，我仍然会犯这个错误。我搜索了这个问题，但仍然没有解决方案，这让我陷入了这个步骤，这让我非常沮丧，我甚至在安装了microsoft之后重新启动了我的系统，但是我仍然会遇到下面的错误。

C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools>py -m pip install web3
Collecting web3
  Using cached web3-5.28.0-py3-none-any.whl (499 kB)
Collecting aiohttp<4,>=3.7.4.post0
  Using cached aiohttp-3.8.1-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl (555 kB)
Collecting eth-abi<3.0.0,>=2.0.0b6
  Using cached eth_abi-2.1.1-py3-none-any.whl (27 kB)
Collecting hexbytes<1.0.0,>=0.1.0
  Using cached hexbytes-0.2.2-py3-none-any.whl (6.1 kB)
Collecting ipfshttpclient==0.8.0a2
  Using cached ipfshttpclient-0.8.0a2-py3-none-any.whl (82 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: pywin32>=223 in c:\users\kadit cuy\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from web3) (303)
Collecting protobuf<4,>=3.10.0
  Using cached protobuf-3.19.4-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl (895 kB)
Collecting eth-account<0.6.0,>=0.5.7
  Using cached eth_account-0.5.7-py3-none-any.whl (101 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: eth-typing<3.0.0,>=2.0.0 in c:\users\kadit cuy\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from web3) (2.3.0)
Requirement already satisfied: eth-hash[pycryptodome]<1.0.0,>=0.2.0 in c:\users\kadit cuy\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from web3) (0.3.2)
Collecting lru-dict<2.0.0,>=1.1.6
  Using cached lru-dict-1.1.7.tar.gz (10 kB)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Collecting eth-utils<2.0.0,>=1.9.5
  Using cached eth_utils-1.10.0-py3-none-any.whl (24 kB)
Collecting websockets<10,>=9.1
  Using cached websockets-9.1.tar.gz (76 kB)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Collecting jsonschema<4.0.0,>=3.2.0
  Using cached jsonschema-3.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (56 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: requests<3.0.0,>=2.16.0 in c:\users\kadit cuy\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from web3) (2.27.1)
Collecting multiaddr>=0.0.7
  Using cached multiaddr-0.0.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Collecting attrs>=17.3.0
  Using cached attrs-21.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (60 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: charset-normalizer<3.0,>=2.0 in c:\users\kadit cuy\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from aiohttp<4,>=3.7.4.post0->web3) (2.0.12)
Collecting aiosignal>=1.1.2
  Using cached aiosignal-1.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (8.2 kB)
Collecting yarl<2.0,>=1.0
  Using cached yarl-1.7.2-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl (122 kB)
Collecting frozenlist>=1.1.1
  Using cached frozenlist-1.3.0-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl (33 kB)
Collecting multidict<7.0,>=4.5
  Using cached multidict-6.0.2-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl (27 kB)
Collecting async-timeout<5.0,>=4.0.0a3
  Using cached async_timeout-4.0.2-py3-none-any.whl (5.8 kB)
Collecting parsimonious<0.9.0,>=0.8.0
  Using cached parsimonious-0.8.1.tar.gz (45 kB)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Collecting rlp<3,>=1.0.0
  Using cached rlp-2.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (20 kB)
Collecting bitarray<1.3.0,>=1.2.1
  Using cached bitarray-1.2.2.tar.gz (48 kB)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Collecting eth-keys<0.4.0,>=0.3.4
  Using cached eth_keys-0.3.4-py3-none-any.whl (21 kB)
Collecting eth-rlp<2,>=0.1.2
  Using cached eth_rlp-0.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (5.0 kB)
Collecting eth-keyfile<0.6.0,>=0.5.0
  Using cached eth_keyfile-0.5.1-py3-none-any.whl (8.3 kB)
Collecting pycryptodome<4,>=3.6.6
  Using cached pycryptodome-3.14.1-cp35-abi3-win_amd64.whl (1.8 MB)
Collecting cytoolz<1.0.0,>=0.10.1
  Using cached cytoolz-0.11.2.tar.gz (481 kB)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in c:\users\kadit cuy\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from jsonschema<4.0.0,>=3.2.0->web3) (61.2.0)
Collecting six>=1.11.0
  Using cached six-1.16.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (11 kB)
Collecting pyrsistent>=0.14.0
  Using cached pyrsistent-0.18.1-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl (61 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1 in c:\users\kadit cuy\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from requests<3.0.0,>=2.16.0->web3) (1.26.9)
Requirement already satisfied: idna<4,>=2.5 in c:\users\kadit cuy\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from requests<3.0.0,>=2.16.0->web3) (3.3)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi>=2017.4.17 in c:\users\kadit cuy\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from requests<3.0.0,>=2.16.0->web3) (2021.10.8)
Requirement already satisfied: toolz>=0.8.0 in c:\users\kadit cuy\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from cytoolz<1.0.0,>=0.10.1->eth-utils<2.0.0,>=1.9.5->web3) (0.11.2)
Collecting eth-rlp<2,>=0.1.2
  Using cached eth_rlp-0.2.1-py3-none-any.whl (5.0 kB)
Collecting base58
  Using cached base58-2.1.1-py3-none-any.whl (5.6 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: varint in c:\users\kadit cuy\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from multiaddr>=0.0.7->ipfshttpclient==0.8.0a2->web3) (1.0.2)
Requirement already satisfied: netaddr in c:\users\kadit cuy\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from multiaddr>=0.0.7->ipfshttpclient==0.8.0a2->web3) (0.8.0)
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for lru-dict, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for websockets, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for bitarray, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for cytoolz, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for parsimonious, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Installing collected packages: lru-dict, bitarray, websockets, six, pyrsistent, pycryptodome, protobuf, multidict, hexbytes, frozenlist, cytoolz, base58, attrs, async-timeout, yarl, parsimonious, multiaddr, jsonschema, eth-utils, aiosignal, rlp, ipfshttpclient, eth-keys, eth-abi, aiohttp, eth-rlp, eth-keyfile, eth-account, web3
  Running setup.py install for lru-dict ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Running setup.py install for lru-dict did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [7 lines of output]
      running install
      C:\Users\KADIT CUY\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\install.py:34: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: setup.py install is deprecated. Use build and pip and other standards-based tools.
        warnings.warn(
      running build
      running build_ext
      building 'lru' extension
      error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: legacy-install-failure

× Encountered error while trying to install package.
╰─> lru-dict

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for output from the failure.

Please someone should help!!

Answer 1

您可以试着先安装轮子：pip install wheel。这样就可以避免使用setup.py install。

您可以将Microsoft Visual C++更新为14或更高版本，就像建议的错误消息一样。

Answer 2

Sidenote:错误来源于安装lru-dict，而不是直接安装web3。

您似乎安装了visual studio 2022。您应该检查是否安装了为python编译所需的所有可选特性(来自这里)：

• 安装Python开发工作负载和可选的Python本机开发工具选项。
• 安装最新的Windows (安装程序中的本机开发)。
• 可选:在构建之前将$env:PlatformToolset设置为您的工具集版本，如果它没有检测到它。(或者，您可以打开developer命令提示符)
• 更新到最新的setuptools Python包版本

特别是最后一个需要支持最新的编译器。运行pip install --upgrade setuptools。然后再试着安装