我还不知道如何在arduino中使用状态函数，这是我的第一个小项目

Question

const int buttonPin =  4;     // the port number of the pushbutton pin

const int green    = 13;      // the port number of the LED pin
const int red      = 12;
const int blue     = 11;

void setup() {
  pinMode(green, OUTPUT);   // initialize the LED pin as an output:
  pinMode(red, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(blue, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT); // initialize the pushbutton pin as an input:
}
void loop()
{

int state = digitalRead(buttonPin); // to check if it's on or not

if (state == 1)
{
  
  digitalWrite(green, HIGH); //LED GREEN ON
  digitalWrite(red, LOW); // LED RED OFF
  digitalWrite(blue, LOW); //LED BLUE OFF
  delay(10000);
  
}

if(state == 2)
{
  
  
  digitalWrite(green, LOW); //LED GREEN OFF
  digitalWrite(red, HIGH); // LED RED ON
  digitalWrite(blue, LOW); //LED BLUE OFF
  delay(10000);

}
if(state == 3)
{
  
  
  digitalWrite(green, LOW); //LED GREEN OFF
  digitalWrite(red, LOW); // LED RED OFF
  digitalWrite(blue, HIGH); //LED BLUE ON
  delay(10000);

}
else
{
  
  
  digitalWrite(green, LOW); //LED GREEN OFF
  digitalWrite(red, LOW); // LED RED OFF
  digitalWrite(blue, LOW); //LED BLUE OFF

}
}

我编码了这个问题，并决定把状态函数，以便它将存储一个数字时，我按下按钮，以点燃leds。但按下按钮后，唯一亮起灯的是绿色和红色，我甚至不知道它们为什么同时打开

Answer 1

阅读数字输入只会给你两个状态高或低，将被“翻译”为1(高)或0(低)。我真的不明白为什么红色LED灯，我认为它不应该。

为了达到您的目的，您应该在代码中添加一个“计数器”变量，每次按下按钮时都会增加，并在if语句中使用这个计数器变量。我还建议您在达到某个值时将这个变量设置为0，否则您的LED将始终处于关闭状态，并且您必须重新启动Arduino才能再次打开它们。

您还应该关心取消按钮，以及调用延迟的方式。正如您所使用的，当您的代码到达延迟函数时，它将完全停止。

同时，使用“using”语句也是一种良好的实践。

const int buttonPin =  4;     // the port number of the pushbutton pin

const int green    = 13;      // the port number of the LED pin
const int red      = 12;
const int blue     = 11;

void setup() {
pinMode(green, OUTPUT);   // initialize the LED pin as an output:
pinMode(red, OUTPUT);
pinMode(blue, OUTPUT);
pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT); // initialize the pushbutton pin as an input:
int counter = 0;
}
void loop()
{
    
    int state = digitalRead(buttonPin); // to check if it's on or not

    if(state == 1) {            // if(state) also works
        counter = counter + 1;  // counter++
    }

    if (counter == 1)
    {
    
    digitalWrite(green, HIGH); //LED GREEN ON
    digitalWrite(red, LOW); // LED RED OFF
    digitalWrite(blue, LOW); //LED BLUE OFF
    delay(10000);
    
    }

    else if(counter == 2)
    {
    
    
    digitalWrite(green, LOW); //LED GREEN OFF
    digitalWrite(red, HIGH); // LED RED ON
    digitalWrite(blue, LOW); //LED BLUE OFF
    delay(10000);

    }
    else if(counter == 3)
    {
    
    
    digitalWrite(green, LOW); //LED GREEN OFF
    digitalWrite(red, LOW); // LED RED OFF
    digitalWrite(blue, HIGH); //LED BLUE ON
    delay(10000);

    }
    else if (counter > 3)
    {
    
    
    digitalWrite(green, LOW); //LED GREEN OFF
    digitalWrite(red, LOW); // LED RED OFF
    digitalWrite(blue, LOW); //LED BLUE OFF

    }
    else if (counter == 10){    //so it resets at some point
        counter = 0;
    }
}

Answer 2

彼此之间有多个if()，而不是使用else if。

else只与if(state == 3)相关，因为在这种情况下，状态只能是0或1。因此，当按下按钮时，它将始终与if(state == 1)一起运行。

将除第一个if(...)之外的所有内容更改为else if(...)，这样可能会更有意义。