Kotlin中的算术字符串运算解析

Question

如果我有一个带有偏执的算术表达式的字符串，如下所示：

((4 * 7) / 2) - 7

我如何自动评估它？特别是和Kotlin。我听说您需要创建一个解析器，那么我如何在Kotlin中这样做，并在这个示例中具有所有必要的基本操作呢？

Answer 1

fun evaluate(str: String): Double {

  data class Data(val rest: List<Char>, val value: Double)

  return object : Any() {

    fun parse(chars: List<Char>): Double {
      return getExpression(chars.filter { it != ' ' })
        .also { if (it.rest.isNotEmpty()) throw RuntimeException("Unexpected character: ${it.rest.first()}") }
        .value
    }

    private fun getExpression(chars: List<Char>): Data {
      var (rest, carry) = getTerm(chars)
      while (true) {
        when {
          rest.firstOrNull() == '+' -> rest = getTerm(rest.drop(1)).also { carry += it.value }.rest
          rest.firstOrNull() == '-' -> rest = getTerm(rest.drop(1)).also { carry -= it.value }.rest
          else                      -> return Data(rest, carry)
        }
      }
    }

    fun getTerm(chars: List<Char>): Data {
      var (rest, carry) = getFactor(chars)
      while (true) {
        when {
          rest.firstOrNull() == '*' -> rest = getTerm(rest.drop(1)).also { carry *= it.value }.rest
          rest.firstOrNull() == '/' -> rest = getTerm(rest.drop(1)).also { carry = it.value / carry }.rest
          else                      -> return Data(rest, carry)
        }
      }
    }

    fun getFactor(chars: List<Char>): Data {
      return when (val char = chars.firstOrNull()) {
        '+'              -> getFactor(chars.drop(1)).let { Data(it.rest, +it.value) }
        '-'              -> getFactor(chars.drop(1)).let { Data(it.rest, -it.value) }
        '('              -> getParenthesizedExpression(chars.drop(1))
        in '0'..'9', ',' -> getNumber(chars)
        else             -> throw RuntimeException("Unexpected character: $char")
      }
    }

    fun getParenthesizedExpression(chars: List<Char>): Data {
      return getExpression(chars)
        .also { if (it.rest.firstOrNull() != ')') throw RuntimeException("Missing closing parenthesis") }
        .let { Data(it.rest.drop(1), it.value) }
    }

    fun getNumber(chars: List<Char>): Data {
      val s = chars.takeWhile { it.isDigit() || it == '.' }.joinToString("")
      return Data(chars.drop(s.length), s.toDouble())
    }

  }.parse(str.toList())

}

val expresssion = "((4 * 7) / 2) - 7"

val result = evaluate(expresssion)

println(result)   // Output: 7.0