为什么以两种不同的方式运行powershell脚本会给出不同的结果

Question

嗨，我有一个很简单的脚本，试图读取json输入，然后转换

param(
    $proxyinfosjson
)
write-output "proxyinfosjson is $proxyinfosjson"

try {
    $proxyinfos = ConvertFrom-Json -InputObject $proxyinfosjson
    write-output $proxyinfos
    
}
catch {
    Write-Output "could not convert json input"
}

如果我跑了

.\testjson.ps1 -proxyinfosjson '[{"listenport":"443","connectaddress":"10.1.10.20","connectport":"443","firewallrulename":"port443","direction":"Inbound","action":"Allow","protocol":"TCP"},{"listenport":"80","connectaddress":"10.1.10.20","connectport":"80","firewallrulename":"port80","direction":"Inbound","action":"Allow","protocol":"TCP"}]'

它工作得很好，我可以看到json输入显示为

proxyinfosjson is [{"listenport":"443","connectaddress":"10.1.10.20","connectport":"443","firewallrulename":"port443","direction":"Inbound","action":"Allow","protocol":"TCP"},{"listenport":"80","connectaddress":"10.1.10.20","connectport":"80","firewallrulename":"port80","direction":"Inbound","action":"Allow","protocol":"TCP"}]

但是，如果我跑

powershell -ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted -file testjson.ps1 -proxyinfosjson '[{"listenport":"443","connectaddress":"10.1.10.20","connectport":"443","firewallrulename":"port443","direction":"Inbound","action":"Allow","protocol":"TCP"},{"listenport":"80","connectaddress":"10.1.10.20","connectport":"80","firewallrulename":"port80","direction":"Inbound","action":"Allow","protocol":"TCP"}]'

它不起作用，我可以看到json输入显示为

proxyinfosjson is [{listenport:443,connectaddress:10.1.10.20,connectport:443,firewallrulename:port443,direction:Inbound,action:Allow,protocol:TCP},{listenport:80,connectaddress:10.1.10.20,connectport:80,firewallrulename:port80,direction:Inbound,action:Allow,protocol:TCP}]

注意到所有的引号都丢失了吗？因此，它不能从json转换，为什么？

Answer 1

powershell -ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted -file testjson.ps1 -proxyinfosjson '[{\"listenport\":\"443\",\"connectaddress\":\"10.1.10.20\",\"trimmed\":\"down\"}]'

如果你避开了双引号，就像上面那样，它似乎挺好的。找不到权威的文章或论坛文章来解释，但是.似乎传递给powershell.exe的参数与cmd (windows命令提示符)被视为相同的shell解释规则。您还必须在那里转义()引号。

这是我发现的一条与它有关的帖子。微软PowerShell.exe文档在"-file“一节中也提到了这一点。

Escape double quotes in parameter

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_powershell_exe?view=powershell-5.1

编辑: Re: Arm模板问题(解决办法)

一个可能的解决办法是在.ps1脚本中重新插入参数的引号，并使用-replace Regex。就像这样。

param($proxyinfosjson)
write-output "INPUT proxyinfosjson is $proxyinfosjson"
$proxyinfosjson = $proxyinfosjson -replace '^\[\{','[{"';
$proxyinfosjson = $proxyinfosjson -replace ':','":"';
$proxyinfosjson = $proxyinfosjson -replace ',','","';
$proxyinfosjson = $proxyinfosjson -replace '\}\]$','"}]';
write-output "RESTORED proxyinfosjson is $proxyinfosjson"

认为这些Regex模式应该涵盖字符串中的所有引号。可能会将这四个"-replace“语句折叠成一个单一的、更详细的regex模式，但这超出了我今天的时间。