进出口Django包外键CSV文件导入问题

Question

我试图为学生数据导入分数，并不断收到查询与导入不匹配的错误消息。我尝试将导入指定为将state_province字段视为外键，但我认为写得不正确。其次，由于某些原因，我的date字段一直失败null约束，这一点我不理解，因为excel文件数据格式是正确的。我现在在null=true模型中设置为bypass.Here是我的代码。我很感激你的帮助。谢谢

STUDENT MODEL

class Student(models.Model):
    studentpsid= models.CharField(primary_key = True , default = "", max_length = 50, unique = True)
    student_name = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length = 50, default = "")
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length = 50,default = "")
    gender = models.CharField(max_length = 1,default = "")
    birth_date = models.DateField(blank= True)
    student_grade = models.CharField(max_length = 2, default = "")
    home_room = models.CharField(max_length = 5, default = "")
    student_enrollment = models.CharField(max_length = 2, default = "")
    school_number = models.CharField(max_length = 15, default = "") 
    email = models.EmailField(default = "")
    projected_graduation_year = models.CharField(max_length = 4, default = "")
    counseling_goal = models.TextField(max_length = 500, blank = True)
    win_username = models.CharField(max_length = 50, blank=True)
    win_password = models.CharField(max_length = 50, blank=True)
    offsite_laptop = models.BooleanField(default = False, blank = True)
    state_province = models.CharField(max_length = 50, unique=True,null=True,blank = True , default = None)
    lunch_balance = models.FloatField(blank = True, default = 0)
    race = models.CharField(max_length = 1, blank = True)
    alert_medical = models.TextField(max_length = 500, blank =True)
    district_code = models.ForeignKey(NJDistictCodes,on_delete = models.PROTECT, blank = True, default = 0)
    image = models.ImageField(default ="default.png", upload_to ='student_pics') 
 
    class Meta:
       verbose_name_plural = "Student"
    def __str__(self):
        return self.student_name     

TEST SCORE MODEL

class MindPrint(models.Model):
     state_province = models.ForeignKey(Student, to_field="state_province" ,on_delete = models.CASCADE, default = None,null=True,blank = True) 
     test_date = models.DateField(null=True)
     reasoning_verbal = models.CharField(max_length = 1, default = 0, blank = True)
     reasoning_spatial = models.CharField(max_length = 1, default = 0, blank = True)
     reasoning_abstract = models.CharField(max_length = 1, default = 0, blank = True)
     executive_flexibility = models.CharField(max_length = 1, default = 0, blank = True)
     executive_working_memory = models.CharField(max_length = 1, default = 0, blank = True)
     executive_attention = models.CharField(max_length = 1, default = 0, blank = True)
     speed_processing = models.CharField(max_length = 1, default = 0, blank = True)
     speed_visual_motor = models.CharField(max_length = 1, default = 0, blank = True)
     memory_verbal = models.CharField(max_length = 1, default = 0, blank = True)
     memory_visual = models.CharField(max_length = 1, default = 0, blank = True)

     class Meta:
             verbose_name_plural = "Mind Print"
    
     def __str__(self):
        return str(self.state_province)

以下是我的Admin.py文件设置。

from inspect import Attribute
from django.contrib import admin
from import_export.admin import ImportExportActionModelAdmin
from import_export import resources, fields
from import_export.widgets import ForeignKeyWidget
from .models import Student, MindPrint

class MindPrintResource (resources.ModelResource):
    class Meta:
      model = MindPrint
      import_id_fields = ('state_province',)
      state_province = fields.Field(column_name='state_province', attribute='state_province',widget=ForeignKeyWidget(Student, 'state_province'))
      fields = ('state_province','test_date','reasoning_verbal','reasoning_spatial','reasoning_abstract','executive_flexibility','executive_working_memory',
      'executive_attention','speed_processing','speed_visual_motor','memory_verbal','memory_visual')  
     

class MindPrintAdmin (ImportExportActionModelAdmin):   
     resource_class = MindPrintResource
     list_display = ('state_province_id','student_name','test_date','reasoning_verbal','reasoning_spatial','reasoning_abstract','executive_flexibility','executive_working_memory',
     'executive_attention','speed_processing','speed_visual_motor','memory_verbal','memory_visual') 

     def student_name(self,obj):
           return obj.state_province.student_name

admin.site.register(MindPrint,MindPrintAdmin) 

以下是导入错误的屏幕截图。

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Answer 1

您已经配置了MindPrint模型对象的导入。当您导入源数据文件时，它希望有一个名为state_province的字段，它是对Student模型的FK引用。由于这是一个FK关系，因此导入过程期望存在此引用。在您的示例中，Student资源与state_province of 1234567899不存在，因此您将看到Student.DoesNotExist错误。

您可以使用几个API挂钩来检查缺少的Student行，如果它们不存在，则创建它们。或者，您可以重写ForeignKeyWidget以在查找之前创建资源。