缺少类型、命名空间、指令和程序集引用

Question

我使用VS Code进行C#和Unity3D以及TypeScript、Angular和Python编程，因此我拥有几乎所有必需的扩展，包括.NET Framework和Core以及Quantum Development Kit (QDK) + Q# Interoperability Tools，以及C#和Python VS Code的扩展。

我根据几个教程设计了以下步骤来创建我的第一个量子Hello：

$ dotnet --version
$ dotnet --list-sdks
$ dotnet --list-runtimes

$ dotnet new globaljson                                     # Create a "global.json" file in your current directory folder.  
$ dotnet new globaljson --sdk-version 3.1.416 --force       # Change the current SDK version of your project.

$ dotnet new -i Microsoft.DotNet.Web.Spa.ProjectTemplates
$ dotnet new -i "Microsoft.Quantum.ProjectTemplates::0.2-*"

# First, create a Q# application and a .NET host, and then make a call to Q# from the host.
# Create a project for your Q# library and for the .NET host that will call
# into the operations and functions defined in your Q# library.

$ dotnet new classlib -lang Q# -o quantum                         # Create a new Q# class-library project.
$ dotnet new console -lang C# -o host                             # Create a new C# console project.

$ cd host                                                         # Navigate into the C# host directory.
$ dotnet add reference ../quantum/quantum.csproj                  # Add your Q# class-library project as a reference to your C# console project.

$ cd ..                                                           # Exit the C# host directory.
$ dotnet new sln -n quantum-dotnet                                # Create a new solution for both projects.
$ dotnet sln quantum-dotnet.sln add ./quantum/quantum.csproj      # Add the Q# class-library project to the solution.
$ dotnet sln quantum-dotnet.sln add ./host/host.csproj            # Add the C# host project to the solution.

# The -o or --output command specifies the location to place the generated output.

但是，一旦这些都完成了，我就会得到以下的错误：

​

​

我做错了什么？我遗漏了什么？

以下是一些附加信息：

$ dotnet --list-sdks
3.1.416 [C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk]
5.0.404 [C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk]

$ dotnet --version  
3.1.416

$ dotnet restore
  Determining projects to restore...
  Restored C:\Users\Muhy\Dropbox\Q\Q#-programs\Qtest\quantum\quantum.csproj (in 484 ms).
  Restored C:\Users\Muhy\Dropbox\Q\Q#-programs\Qtest\host\host.csproj (in 782 ms).

当我运行dotnet build时，我得到以下信息：

微软(注册商标)建立引擎版本16.7.2+b60ddb6f4为.NET版权(C)微软公司。版权所有。

决定恢复的项目..。所有的项目都是最新的恢复。不可能找到任何兼容的框架版本--框架'Microsoft.NETCore.App'，没有找到版本'2.0.0‘。-发现了以下框架: 3.1.22 at C:\Program Files\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.NETCore.App 5.0.13 at C:\Program Files\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.NETCore.App

您可以通过安装指定的框架和/或SDK来解决这个问题。

指定的框架可以在：- C:\Users\Muhy.nuget\packages\microsoft.quantum.development.kit\0.2.1802.1603-preview\build\Microsoft.Quantum.Development.Kit.targets(17,5)：C:\Users\Muhy.nuget\packages\microsoft.quantum.development.kit\0.2.1802.1603-preview\build../tools/qsc/qsc.dll MSB3073:命令"dotnet C：\Users\Muhy.nuget\packages\microsoft.quantum.development.kit\0.2.1802.1603-preview\build../tools/qsc/qsc.dll-输入“Operation.qs--引用"C:\”中找到。Users\Muhy.nuget\packages\microsoft.quantum.canon\0.2.1802.1603-preview\lib\netstandard2.0\Microsoft.Quantum.Canon.dll“"C:\Users\Muhy.nuget\packages\microsoft.quantum.development.kit\0.2.1802.1603-preview\lib\netstandard2.0\Microsoft.Quantum.MetaData.dll”"C:\Users\Muhy.nuget\packages\microsoft.quantum.development.kit\0.2.1802.1603-preview\lib\netstandard2.0\“"C:\Users\Muhy.nuget\packages\microsoft.quantum.development.kit\0.2.1802.1603-preview\lib\netstandard2.0\Microsoft.Quantum.Simulation.Common.dll”"C:\Users\Muhy.nuget\packages\microsoft.quantum.development.kit\0.2.1802.1603-preview\lib\netstandard2.0\Microsoft.Quantum.Simulation.Core.dll“"C:\Users\Muhy.nuget\packages\microsoft.quantum.development Microsoft.Quantum.Primitives.dll”.kit\0.2.1802.1603-preview\lib\netstandard2.0\Microsoft.Quantum.Simulation.QCTraceSimulatorRuntime.dll“"C:\Users\Muhy.nuget\packages\microsoft.quantum.development.kit\0.2.1802.1603-preview\lib\netstandard2.0\Microsoft.Quantum.Simulation.Simulators.dll”--输出路径obj\qsharp\src“与代码-2147450730一起退出。C:\Users\Muhy\Dropbox\Q\Q#-programs\Qtest\quantum\quantum.csproj

构建失败。

C:\Users\Muhy.nuget\packages\microsoft.quantum.development.kit\0.2.1802.1603-preview\build\Microsoft.Quantum.Development.Kit.targets(17,5)：error MSB3073:命令"dotnet C:\Users\Muhy.nuget\packages\microsoft.quantum.development.kit\0.2.1802.1603-preview\build../tools/qsc/qsc.dll -输入“Operation.qs-引用"C:\Users\Muhy.nuget\packages\microsoft.quantum.canon\0.2.1802.1603-preview\lib\netstandard2.0\Microsoft.Quantum.Canon.dll“"C:\Users\Muhy.nuget\packages\microsoft.quantum.development.kit\0.2.1802.1603-preview\lib\netstandard2.0\Microsoft.Quantum.MetaData.dll”"C:\Users\Muhy.nuget\packages\microsoft.quantum.development.kit\0.2.1802.1603-preview\lib\netstandard2.0\Microsoft.Quantum.Primitives.dll“"C:\Users\Muhy.nuget\packages\microsoft.quantum.development.kit\0.2.1802.1603-preview\lib\netstandard2.0\Microsoft.Quantum.Simulation.Common.dll“"C:\Users\Muhy.nuget\packages\microsoft.quantum.development.kit\0.2.1802.1603-preview\lib\netstandard2.0\Microsoft.Quantum.Simulation.Core.dll”"C:\Users\Muhy.nuget\packages\microsoft.quantum.development.kit\0.2.1802.1603-preview\lib\netstandard2.0\Microsoft.Quantum.Simulation.QCTraceSimulatorRuntime.dll“"C:\Users\Muhy.nuget\packages\microsoft.quantum.development.kit\0.2.1802.1603-preview\lib\netstandard2.0\Microsoft.Quantum.Simulation.Simulators.dll”--输出路径obj\qsharp\src“与代码-2147450730一起退出。C:\Users\Muhy\Dropbox\Q\Q#-programs\Qtest\quantum\quantum.csproj 0警告1错误

当我还构建这个项目(dotnet build quantum-dotnet.sln和dotnet build ./host/host.csproj)时，我会得到相同的错误。

Answer 1

在另一个论坛上的用户的帮助下，问题在于命令：

dotnet new -i "Microsoft.Quantum.ProjectTemplates::0.2-*"

已安装的0.2.1802.1603-preview版本，非常老。最新版本是0.22.187631。

这就是诀窍：

dotnet new -i "Microsoft.Quantum.ProjectTemplates"

其次是：

dotnet new --update-apply

要更新所有项目模板，请执行以下操作。在此之后，重新创建项目修复了所有错误。

现在，我相信以下的一套指令应该适用于每一个初学者：

# Install the .NET Framework and Core as well as the Quantum Development Kit (QDK)
# plus the Q# Interoperability Tools and also C# and Python extensions for VS Code.

$ dotnet --version
$ dotnet --list-sdks
$ dotnet --list-runtimes

$ dotnet new globaljson                                             # Create a "global.json" file in your current directory folder.  
$ dotnet new globaljson --sdk-version 3.1.416 --force               # Change the current SDK version of your project to .NET 3.1.416

$ dotnet new -i Microsoft.DotNet.Web.Spa.ProjectTemplates
$ dotnet new -i "Microsoft.Quantum.ProjectTemplates"
$ dotnet new --update-apply

# First, create a Q# application and a .NET host, and then make a call to Q# from the host.
# Create a project for your Q# library and for the .NET host that will call
# into the operations and functions defined in your Q# library.

$ dotnet new classlib -lang Q# -o quantum                           # Create a new Q# class-library project.
$ dotnet new console -lang C# -o host                               # Create a new C# console project.
                                                                    # The -o or --output command specifies the location to place the generated output.

$ cd host                                                           # Navigate into the C# host directory.
$ dotnet add reference ../quantum/quantum.csproj                    # Add your Q# class-library project as a reference to your C# console project.

$ cd ..                                                             # Exit the C# host directory.
$ dotnet new sln -n quantum-dotnet                                  # Create a new solution for both projects.
$ dotnet sln quantum-dotnet.sln add ./quantum/quantum.csproj        # Add the Q# class-library project to the solution.
$ dotnet sln quantum-dotnet.sln add ./host/host.csproj              # Add the C# host project to the solution.

$ cd host
$ dotnet build
$ dotnet run