在jupyter笔记本中安装特定python包时出错吗？

Question

到目前为止，我一直试图在jupyter中导入特定的python包!pip安装对numpy和sklearn都有效，但是当对熊猫和matplotlib做同样的操作时，它会引发以下异常

> Building wheel for pillow (setup.py) ... error   ERROR: Complete
> output from command /snap/jupyter/6/bin/python -u -c 'import
> setuptools,
> tokenize;__file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-jprnodmm/pillow/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize,
> '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"',
> '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))'
> bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-lfpgysu2 --python-tag cp37:   ERROR:
> running bdist_wheel   running build   running build_py   creating
> build   creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7   creating
> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying src/PIL/ImageWin.py ->
> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying src/PIL/ImtImagePlugin.py ->
> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying src/PIL/ImageFilter.py ->
> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying src/PIL/FliImagePlugin.py ->
> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying src/PIL/ImageGrab.py ->
> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying src/PIL/ImagePath.py ->
> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying src/PIL/IcoImagePlugin.py ->
> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/BufrStubImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/MicImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/ImageShow.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/ImageFont.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/PdfImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/ImageTk.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/XbmImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/Hdf5StubImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/ImageQt.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/IcnsImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/_util.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/XVThumbImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/ImageColor.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/FontFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/EpsImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/__main__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/FpxImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/CurImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/PdfParser.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/McIdasImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL
> copying src/PIL/ImageTransform.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/SunImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/PsdImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/XpmImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/_version.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/TarIO.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/PcdImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/WebPImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/DcxImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/WmfImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/ImageFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/PyAccess.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/WalImageFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/ImageMorph.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/PaletteFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/ImagePalette.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/MpegImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/PcxImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/ImImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/GimpPaletteFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/MpoImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/PalmImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/ImageChops.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/DdsImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/FtexImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/features.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/Image.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/ImageMode.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/PixarImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/MspImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/BdfFontFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/GimpGradientFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL 
> copying src/PIL/PpmImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/ImageEnhance.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/JpegPresets.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/ImageMath.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/ExifTags.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/TgaImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/ImageCms.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/IptcImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/FitsStubImagePlugin.py ->
> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying src/PIL/_binary.py ->
> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying src/PIL/ContainerIO.py ->
> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying src/PIL/ImageOps.py ->
> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying src/PIL/_tkinter_finder.py ->
> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying src/PIL/PcfFontFile.py ->
> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying src/PIL/ImageSequence.py ->
> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying src/PIL/BmpImagePlugin.py ->
> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/GribStubImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/GdImageFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/ImageDraw.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/BlpImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/ImageStat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/TiffTags.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/JpegImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/SpiderImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL
> copying src/PIL/ImageDraw2.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/SgiImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/PngImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/PSDraw.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL   copying
> src/PIL/Jpeg2KImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/GbrImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> copying src/PIL/GifImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/PIL  
> running egg_info   writing src/Pillow.egg-info/PKG-INFO   writing
> dependency_links to src/Pillow.egg-info/dependency_links.txt   writing
> top-level names to src/Pillow.egg-info/top_level.txt   reading
> manifest file 'src/Pillow.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'   reading manifest
> template 'MANIFEST.in'   warning: no files found matching '*.c'  
> warning: no files found matching '*.h'   warning: no files found
> matching '*.sh'   warning: no previously-included files found matching
> '.appveyor.yml'   warning: no previously-included files found matching
> '.clang-format'   warning: no previously-included files found matching
> '.coveragerc'   warning: no previously-included files found matching
> '.editorconfig'   warning: no previously-included files found matching
> '.readthedocs.yml'   warning: no previously-included files found
> matching 'codecov.yml'   warning: no previously-included files
> matching '.git*' found anywhere in distribution   warning: no
> previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found anywhere in
> distribution   warning: no previously-included files matching '*.so'
> found anywhere in distribution   no previously-included directories
> found matching '.ci'   writing manifest file
> 'src/Pillow.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'   running build_ext
>   
>      The headers or library files could not be found for jpeg,   a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.
>      Please see the install instructions at:
>      https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html
>      Traceback (most recent call last):
>     File "/tmp/pip-install-jprnodmm/pillow/setup.py", line 996, in <module>
>       zip_safe=not (debug_build() or PLATFORM_MINGW),
>     File "/snap/jupyter/6/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py",
> line 145, in setup
>       return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
>     File "/snap/jupyter/6/lib/python3.7/distutils/core.py", line 148, in setup
>       dist.run_commands()
>     File "/snap/jupyter/6/lib/python3.7/distutils/dist.py", line 966, in run_commands
>       self.run_command(cmd)
>     File "/snap/jupyter/6/lib/python3.7/distutils/dist.py", line 985, in run_command
>       cmd_obj.run()
>     File "/snap/jupyter/6/lib/python3.7/site-packages/wheel/bdist_wheel.py",
> line 192, in run
>       self.run_command('build')
>     File "/snap/jupyter/6/lib/python3.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
>       self.distribution.run_command(command)
>     File "/snap/jupyter/6/lib/python3.7/distutils/dist.py", line 985, in run_command
>       cmd_obj.run()
>     File "/snap/jupyter/6/lib/python3.7/distutils/command/build.py", line 135, in run
>       self.run_command(cmd_name)
>     File "/snap/jupyter/6/lib/python3.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
>       self.distribution.run_command(command)
>     File "/snap/jupyter/6/lib/python3.7/distutils/dist.py", line 985, in run_command
>       cmd_obj.run()
>     File "/snap/jupyter/6/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/build_ext.py",
> line 78, in run
>       _build_ext.run(self)
>     File "/snap/jupyter/6/lib/python3.7/distutils/command/build_ext.py", line
> 340, in run
>       self.build_extensions()
>     File "/tmp/pip-install-jprnodmm/pillow/setup.py", line 804, in build_extensions
>       raise RequiredDependencyException(f)   __main__.RequiredDependencyException: jpeg
>      During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
>      Traceback (most recent call last):
>     File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
>     File "/tmp/pip-install-jprnodmm/pillow/setup.py", line 1009, in <module>
>       raise RequiredDependencyException(msg)   __main__.RequiredDependencyException:
>      The headers or library files could not be found for jpeg,   a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.
>      Please see the install instructions at:
>      https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html
>   
>      ----------------------------------------   ERROR: Failed building wheel for pillow   Running setup.py clean for pillow

你知道为什么这两个特定的软件包没有正确安装pip吗？我在ubuntu上。

Answer 1

这些包具有特定的构建依赖关系，这些依赖项目前在系统中不可用：

无法找到jpeg的头文件或库文件，这是从源代码编译Pillow时必需的依赖项。

从这些错误来看，您至少需要安装libjpeg-dev包：

# apt update
# apt install libjpeg-dev

在成功编译包的二进制组件之前，您可能会发现需要满足的其他依赖项。