奇怪的jsonpickle.encode行为

Question

我正在使用jsonpickle作为我的小项目的数据库，在编码一个复杂的类时遇到了一些奇怪的行为，基本上来自User实例的Book编码是正确的，但db列表中的书籍被编码为奇怪的{"py/id":4}-s。有人能解释一下我哪里出了问题吗?我该如何修复这个问题呢？

import jsonpickle
from random import randint

admin_ids = [302115492]

def gen_id():
    return randint(1, 2**64)

class Book():
    def __init__(self, name, author, img, oid):
        self.name = name
        self.author = author
        self.img = img
        self.id = gen_id()
        self.owner_id = oid

class User():
    id = 0
    name = ""
    books = []
    requests = []

    def __init__(self, name, uid):
        self.id = uid
        self.name = name
        self.books = []

class Database():
    def __init__(self):
        self.u_dir = "users"
        self.b_dir = "books"
        self.users = []
        self.books = []
    
    def add_book(self, book):
        self.books.append(book)
        for user in self.users:
            if(user.id == book.owner_id):
                user.books.append(book)
    
    def add_user(self, user):
        self.users.append(user)

db=Database()
db.add_user(User('John',123))
db.add_book(Book('name','author','img.png',123))
print(jsonpickle.encode(db))

输出：

{
   "py/object":"__main__.Database",
   "u_dir":"users",
   "b_dir":"books",
   "users":[
      {
         "py/object":"__main__.User",
         "id":123,
         "name":"John",
         "books":[
            {
               "py/object":"__main__.Book",
               "name":"name",
               "author":"author",
               "img":"img.png",
               "id":8045585124766781176,
               "owner_id":123
            }
         ]
      }
   ],
   "books":[
      {
         "py/id":4
      }
   ]
}

Answer 1

显然，jsonpickle使用这个id来紧凑地存储已经存储在object编码中的某个地方的对象。要显式存储所有对象，可以在编码时使用make_refs标志。在上面的代码中，它看起来像这样：print(jsonpickle.encode(db), make_refs=False)