ValueError:在Heroku with Docker，django-pipeline，whitenoise上缺少静态文件清单条目

Question

我正在尝试使用Docker、django-pipeline和whitenoise在Heroku上部署Django项目。容器构建成功，我看到collectstatic在container-name/static中生成了预期的文件。但是，在访问任何页面时，我都会收到以下500错误：

ValueError: Missing staticfiles manifest entry for 'pages/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png'

下面是我的settings.py、Dockerfile和heroku.yml。由于我也在使用django-pipeline，有一件事我不确定，那就是对STATICFILES_STORAGE使用什么设置？我试过了

STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'pipeline.storage.PipelineStorage'

但是这导致文件路径404ing。

任何建议都是值得感谢的。谢谢。

#settings.py
...
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = env.bool("DJANGO_DEBUG", default=False)

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['.herokuapp.com', 'localhost', '127.0.0.1']

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    "django.contrib.admin",
    "django.contrib.admindocs",
    "django.contrib.auth",
    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
    "django.contrib.sessions",
    "django.contrib.messages",
    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
    "django.contrib.sites",
    # Third-party
    "allauth",
    "allauth.account",
    "debug_toolbar",
    "django_extensions",
    "pipeline",
    "rest_framework",
    "whitenoise.runserver_nostatic",
    "widget_tweaks",
    # Local
    ...
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
    "debug_toolbar.middleware.DebugToolbarMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware",
    "whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware",
    ...
]

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = "/static/"
# STATICFILES_DIRS = [str(BASE_DIR.joinpath("code/static"))]
STATIC_ROOT = str(BASE_DIR.joinpath("static"))

MEDIA_URL = "/media/"

MEDIA_ROOT = str(BASE_DIR.joinpath("media"))

# django-pipeline config
STATICFILES_STORAGE = "whitenoise.storage.CompressedManifestStaticFilesStorage"
DEBUG_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS = True
STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
    "django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder",
    "django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder",
    "pipeline.finders.PipelineFinder",
)
...

# Dockerfile
# Pull base image
FROM python:3.8

# Set environment variables and build arguments
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1

RUN curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_12.x | bash -
RUN apt-get install -y nodejs build-essential

# Set working directory
WORKDIR /code
COPY . /code/
RUN npm install sass --dev
RUN npm install yuglify --dev
RUN npm install
RUN mkdir static
RUN mkdir staticfiles

# Install dependencies
COPY Pipfile Pipfile.lock /code/
# Figure out conditional installation of dev dependencies
# Will need to remove --dev flag for production
RUN pip install pipenv && pipenv install --system --dev

# heroku.yml
setup:
  addons:
  - plan: heroku-postgresql
build:
  docker:
    web: Dockerfile
release:
  image: web
  command:
    - python manage.py collectstatic --noinput
run:
  web: gunicorn config.wsgi

更新

根据ENDEESA对this similar SO post的响应，我将设置更新为以下内容，因为我的静态文件存储在pages/static/pages中

STATIC_URL = "/static/"
STATICFILES_DIRS = [str(BASE_DIR.joinpath("pages/static"))]
STATIC_ROOT = str(BASE_DIR.joinpath("static"))

我还注意到我的顶级urls.py文件包含以下行：

urlpatterns += staticfiles_urlpatterns()

据我所知，这对于在开发中提供静态文件很有用，但不应该在生产中使用，所以我将其移动到只有在DEBUG为True时才添加。但是，遗憾的是，错误仍然存在。

更神秘的是，当我跑

python manage.py findstatic <file-path> --verbosity 2

找到该文件：

Found 'images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png' here:
  /code/pages/static/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png
  /code/pages/static/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png
Looking in the following locations:
  /code/pages/static
  /code/static
  /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/static
  /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/debug_toolbar/static
  /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django_extensions/static
  /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/rest_framework/static

那么，为什么我仍然可以使用ValueError: Missing staticfiles manifest entry

Answer 1

已解决

最后，我得出了以下解决方案。我的主要问题是：

• 静态文件似乎是在释放命令期间收集的，但在我的容器中实际的STATIC_ROOT目录是空的。我不知道为什么。我的解决方案是不在heroku.yml中以发布命令的形式运行collectstatic，而是在Dockerfile.
• NOTE:中这样做，以便在我的Dockerfile中collectstatic我需要为所有环境变量设置默认值，包括SECRET_KEY，后者我使用了django.core.management.utils中的get_random_secret_key()。感谢illustrating this here.
• In为我添加到需要默认密钥的settings.py的Ryan Knight，我的最终静态文件设置如下所示。
• 由于我使用的是django-pipeline，因此无法使用whitenoise存储选项正确加载我的js文件。我最终使用的是pipeline.storage.PipelineStorage，
• ，结果我根本不需要设置STATICFILES_DIRS。之前我将其设置为：

STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    str(BASE_DIR.joinpath("pages/static")),
    str(BASE_DIR.joinpath("staticfiles")),]

这两个都是不必要的，因为app_name/static/app_name已经是default place Django will look for static files了，而我实际上并没有在root/staticfiles中存储额外的非应用特定的文件。所以我删除了这个设置。

在Heroku中，我删除了collectstatic.

• On的release命令在我的heroku.yml应用管理的设置页面中，我为DISABLE_COLLECTSTATIC添加了一个设置为1.

的配置变量

# Dockerfile
# Pull base image
FROM python:3.8

# Set environment variables and build arguments
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1

RUN curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_12.x | bash -
RUN apt-get install -y nodejs build-essential

# Set working directory
WORKDIR /code
COPY . /code/
RUN npm install sass --dev
RUN npm install yuglify --dev
RUN npm install

# Install dependencies
COPY Pipfile Pipfile.lock /code/
RUN pip install pipenv && pipenv install --system

# Collect static files here instead of in heroku.yml so they end up in /code/static, as expected in the app
RUN python manage.py collectstatic --noinput

# settings.py
...
from django.core.management.utils import get_random_secret_key
SECRET_KEY = env("DJANGO_SECRET_KEY", default=get_random_secret_key())
...
STATIC_URL = "/static/"
STATIC_ROOT = str(BASE_DIR.joinpath("static"))
STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'pipeline.storage.PipelineStorage'
DEBUG_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS = True
STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
    "django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder",
    "django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder",
    "pipeline.finders.PipelineFinder",
)
...

# heroku.yml
setup:
  addons:
  - plan: heroku-postgresql
build:
  docker:
    web: Dockerfile
release:
  image: web
run:
  web: gunicorn config.wsgi

项目结构，以防对您有帮助：

config
  settings.py
  ...
pages
  static
    pages
      scss
      js
      images
static
Dockerfile
heroku.yml
docker-compose.yml
...

祝其他与部署之神战斗的人好运。愿机会永远对你有利，不要放弃！