ARM64架构(M1芯片)：无法安装pg gem (使用PostgresApp)

Question

我一直在尝试在我的运行Big Sur的电脑上安装一个rails项目(Macbook Pro 2020，带M1)。

我已经安装了PostgresApp。

在运行bundle install时，它无法构建pg gem，所以我尝试手动安装gem (通过对gem install pg -- --with-pg-config=/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/10/bin/pg_config执行gem install pg - to )。

我收到一个错误，说：

ERROR:  Error installing pg:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

Can't find the PostgreSQL client library (libpq)
*** extconf.rb failed ***

检查错误日志时，我看到：

have_library: checking for PQconnectdb() in -lpq... -------------------- no

ld: warning: ignoring file /Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/13/lib/libpq.dylib, building for macOS-arm64 but attempting to link with file built for macOS-x86_64
Undefined symbols for architecture arm64:
  "_PQconnectdb", referenced from:
      _t in conftest-db479f.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture arm64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
checked program was:
/* begin */
 1: #include "ruby.h"
 2:
 3: #include <libpq-fe.h>
 4:
 5: /*top*/
 6: extern int t(void);
 7: int main(int argc, char **argv)
 8: {
 9:   if (argc > 1000000) {
10:     printf("%p", &t);
11:   }
12:
13:   return 0;
14: }
15: int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))PQconnectdb; return !p; }
/* end */

你知道怎么解决这个问题吗？

Answer 1

对于那些只想安装pg gem而不关心PostgresApp的人来说，在M1上修复pg的关键是确保libpq的存在。这些步骤允许我在我的M1 mac上安装pg gem，而不需要使用x86版本或构建标志：

brew install libpq
export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/libpq/bin:$PATH"
gem install pg

Answer 2

我在使用M1 + ruby pg gem时遇到了同样的问题。问题是我的系统上混合了ARM + x86二进制文件，而pg目前显然只能用x86编译。作为参考，在其github库中报告了新的问题，所以希望它能很快得到解决，here

我的工作是：

1. 卸载基于ARM的homebrew + rbenv，并从您的主目录(homebrew uninstall instructions)

中删除.gem + .rbenv目录

1. 将自制软件重新安装为基于x86英特尔的

$ arch -x86_64 /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install.sh)"

1. 以x86 (或任何您喜欢的ruby版本管理器)

的身份安装rbenv

$ arch -x86_64 brew install rbenv
$ arch -x86_64 rbenv install 2.7.2

1. (可选)对于postgres.app，您可以预先配置pg-config所在的位置，这样就不必在gem停止时手动运行它。例如

$ bundle config build.pg- --with-pg-config=/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/latest/bin/pg_config

1. 重新捆绑您的项目并在Rosetta2(目前)

上享受ruby

$ bundle install
$ rails s

Answer 3

在使用brew PostgreSQL时遇到了同样的问题，但我在macOS M1(12蒙特利)上使用Ruby2.7成功地安装了pg gem，我同时安装了x86和arm64 brew。由于pg必须使用x86 libpq编译，所以我使用x86 brew安装了libpq

❯ which brow
brow: aliased to arch --x86_64 /usr/local/Homebrew/bin/brew

❯ brow install libpq

❯ brew install PostgreSQL # Install arm64 PostgreSQL 
❯ brew services start postgresql
❯ ps -ef | grep postgresql
  501 23655     1   0  2:29PM ??         0:00.10 /opt/homebrew/opt/postgresql/bin/postgres -D /opt/homebrew/var/postgres

❯ which brew
/opt/homebrew/bin/brew
❯ brew -v
Homebrew 3.3.2-50-geca16a2
Homebrew/homebrew-core (git revision ec99d74792c; last commit 2021-11-05)
Homebrew/homebrew-cask (git revision 2ab51af9c3; last commit 2021-11-05)

然后我就可以安装pg gem了

❯ ruby -v
ruby 2.7.1p83 (2020-03-31 revision a0c7c23c9c) [x86_64-darwin19]

❯ gem install pg -v 1.2.3 -- --with-pq-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libpq/13.3
Building native extensions with: '--with-pq-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libpq/13.3'
This could take a while...
Successfully installed pg-1.2.3
Parsing documentation for pg-1.2.3
Done installing documentation for pg after 0 seconds

但是Ruby2.6失败了，我不知道为什么

gem install pg -v 1.2.3 -- --with-pq-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libpq/13.3
Building native extensions with: '--with-pq-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libpq/13.3'
This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing pg:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /Users/felix/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6/gems/pg-1.2.3/ext
/Users/felix/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.6/bin/ruby -I /Users/felix/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.6/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0 -r ./siteconf20211105-41969-1oxcuyy.rb extconf.rb --with-pq-dir\=/usr/local/Cellar/libpq/13.3
checking for pg_config... yes
Using config values from /opt/homebrew/bin/pg_config
checking for libpq-fe.h... yes
checking for libpq/libpq-fs.h... yes
checking for pg_config_manual.h... yes
checking for PQconnectdb() in -lpq... no
checking for PQconnectdb() in -llibpq... no
checking for PQconnectdb() in -lms/libpq... no
Can't find the PostgreSQL client library (libpq)

更新2021-11-06

在Ruby2.6上也成功安装了pg。

1. 首先安装x86 postgresql

# build Postgresql from source, as 
# Error: postgresql: no bottle available! 
# You can try to install from source with:  
# brew install --build-from-source postgresql


brow install --build-from-source postgresql

1. 安装带有前缀

的pg gem

gem install pg -v 1.2.3 -- --with-pg_config=/usr/local/Cellar/postgresql/13.3/bin/pg_config --with-pq-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libpq/13.3