DirectSound接口说明

Question

作为一个大学项目，我们必须使用DirectSound应用程序接口开发一个服务器-客户端音乐流媒体应用程序。然而，由于缺乏在线信息、指南或教程，我可以收集有关它的信息的唯一来源是下面提供的一段代码(这是讲师提供的唯一内容)。有没有人能帮我理解这些函数的一般用途以及它们的实现顺序？

提前谢谢。

IDirectSound8 *         directSound = nullptr;
IDirectSoundBuffer *    primaryBuffer = nullptr;
IDirectSoundBuffer8 *   secondaryBuffer = nullptr;
BYTE *                  dataBuffer = nullptr;
DWORD                   dataBufferSize;
DWORD                   averageBytesPerSecond;

// Search the file for the chunk we want  
// Returns the size of the chunk and its location in the file

HRESULT FindChunk(HANDLE fileHandle, FOURCC fourcc, DWORD & chunkSize, DWORD & chunkDataPosition)
{
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
DWORD chunkType;
DWORD chunkDataSize;
DWORD riffDataSize = 0;
DWORD fileType;
DWORD bytesRead = 0;
DWORD offset = 0;

if (SetFilePointer(fileHandle, 0, NULL, FILE_BEGIN) == INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER)
{
    return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
}
while (hr == S_OK)
{
    if (ReadFile(fileHandle, &chunkType, sizeof(DWORD), &bytesRead, NULL) == 0)
    {
        hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
    }
    if (ReadFile(fileHandle, &chunkDataSize, sizeof(DWORD), &bytesRead, NULL) == 0)
    {
        hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
    }
    switch (chunkType)
    {
    case fourccRIFF:
        riffDataSize = chunkDataSize;
        chunkDataSize = 4;
        if (ReadFile(fileHandle, &fileType, sizeof(DWORD), &bytesRead, NULL) == 0)
        {
            hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
        }
        break;

    default:
        if (SetFilePointer(fileHandle, chunkDataSize, NULL, FILE_CURRENT) == INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER)
        {
            return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
        }
    }

    offset += sizeof(DWORD) * 2;
    if (chunkType == fourcc)
    {
        chunkSize = chunkDataSize;
        chunkDataPosition = offset;
        return S_OK;
    }

    offset += chunkDataSize;
    if (bytesRead >= riffDataSize)
    {
        return S_FALSE;
    }
}
return S_OK;
}

// Read a chunk of data of the specified size from the file at the specifed location into the 
supplied buffer

HRESULT ReadChunkData(HANDLE fileHandle, void * buffer, DWORD buffersize, DWORD bufferoffset)
{
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
DWORD bytesRead;

if (SetFilePointer(fileHandle, bufferoffset, NULL, FILE_BEGIN) == INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER)
{
    return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
}
if (ReadFile(fileHandle, buffer, buffersize, &bytesRead, NULL) == 0)
{
    hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
}
return hr;
}

bool Initialise()
{
HRESULT result;
DSBUFFERDESC bufferDesc;
WAVEFORMATEX waveFormat;

// Initialize the direct sound interface pointer for the default sound device.
result = DirectSoundCreate8(NULL, &directSound, NULL);
if (FAILED(result))
{
    return false;
}

// Set the cooperative level to priority so the format of the primary sound buffer can be modified.
// We use the handle of the desktop window since we are a console application.  If you do write a 
// graphical application, you should use the HWnd of the graphical application. 
result = directSound->SetCooperativeLevel(GetDesktopWindow(), DSSCL_PRIORITY);
if (FAILED(result))
{
    return false;
}

// Setup the primary buffer description.
bufferDesc.dwSize = sizeof(DSBUFFERDESC);
bufferDesc.dwFlags = DSBCAPS_PRIMARYBUFFER | DSBCAPS_CTRLVOLUME;
bufferDesc.dwBufferBytes = 0;
bufferDesc.dwReserved = 0;
bufferDesc.lpwfxFormat = NULL;
bufferDesc.guid3DAlgorithm = GUID_NULL;

// Get control of the primary sound buffer on the default sound device.
result = directSound->CreateSoundBuffer(&bufferDesc, &primaryBuffer, NULL);
if (FAILED(result))
{
    return false;
}

// Setup the format of the primary sound bufffer.
// In this case it is a .WAV file recorded at 44,100 samples per second in 16-bit stereo (cd audio 
format).
// Really, we should set this up from the wave file format loaded from the file.
waveFormat.wFormatTag = WAVE_FORMAT_PCM;
waveFormat.nSamplesPerSec = 44100;
waveFormat.wBitsPerSample = 16;
waveFormat.nChannels = 2;
waveFormat.nBlockAlign = (waveFormat.wBitsPerSample / 8) * waveFormat.nChannels;
waveFormat.nAvgBytesPerSec = waveFormat.nSamplesPerSec * waveFormat.nBlockAlign;
waveFormat.cbSize = 0;

// Set the primary buffer to be the wave format specified.
result = primaryBuffer->SetFormat(&waveFormat);
if (FAILED(result))
{
    return false;
}
return true;
}

void Shutdown()
{
// Destroy the data buffer
if (dataBuffer != nullptr)
{
    delete[] dataBuffer;
    dataBuffer = nullptr;
}

// Release the primary sound buffer pointer.
if (primaryBuffer != nullptr)
{
    primaryBuffer->Release();
    primaryBuffer = nullptr;
}

// Release the direct sound interface pointer.
if (directSound != nullptr)
{
    directSound->Release();
    directSound = nullptr;
}
}

// Load the wave file into memory and setup the secondary buffer.

bool LoadWaveFile(TCHAR * filename)
{
WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE wfx = { 0 };
WAVEFORMATEX waveFormat;
DSBUFFERDESC bufferDesc;
HRESULT result;
IDirectSoundBuffer * tempBuffer;

DWORD chunkSize;
DWORD chunkPosition;
DWORD filetype;
HRESULT hr = S_OK;

// Open the wave file
HANDLE fileHandle = CreateFile(filename, GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, 
NULL);
if (fileHandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
    return false;
}
if (SetFilePointer(fileHandle, 0, NULL, FILE_BEGIN) == INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER)
{
    return false;
}
// Make sure we have a RIFF wave file
FindChunk(fileHandle, fourccRIFF, chunkSize, chunkPosition);
ReadChunkData(fileHandle, &filetype, sizeof(DWORD), chunkPosition);
if (filetype != fourccWAVE)
{
    return false;
}
// Locate the 'fmt ' chunk, and copy its contents into a WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE structure. 
FindChunk(fileHandle, fourccFMT, chunkSize, chunkPosition);
ReadChunkData(fileHandle, &wfx, chunkSize, chunkPosition);
// Find the audio data chunk
FindChunk(fileHandle, fourccDATA, chunkSize, chunkPosition);
dataBufferSize = chunkSize;
// Read the audio data from the 'data' chunk.  This is the data that needs to be copied into
// the secondary buffer for playing
dataBuffer = new BYTE[dataBufferSize];
ReadChunkData(fileHandle, dataBuffer, dataBufferSize, chunkPosition);
CloseHandle(fileHandle);

// Set the wave format of the secondary buffer that this wave file will be loaded onto.
// The value of wfx.Format.nAvgBytesPerSec will be very useful to you since it gives you
// an approximate value for how many bytes it takes to hold one second of audio data.
waveFormat.wFormatTag =  wfx.Format.wFormatTag;
waveFormat.nSamplesPerSec = wfx.Format.nSamplesPerSec;
waveFormat.wBitsPerSample = wfx.Format.wBitsPerSample;
waveFormat.nChannels = wfx.Format.nChannels;
waveFormat.nBlockAlign = wfx.Format.nBlockAlign;
waveFormat.nAvgBytesPerSec = wfx.Format.nAvgBytesPerSec;
waveFormat.cbSize = 0;

// Set the buffer description of the secondary sound buffer that the wave file will be loaded onto. 

// In this example, we setup a buffer the same size as that of the audio data.  For the assignment, 
// your secondary buffer should only be large enough to hold approximately four seconds of data. 
bufferDesc.dwSize = sizeof(DSBUFFERDESC);
bufferDesc.dwFlags = DSBCAPS_CTRLVOLUME | DSBCAPS_GLOBALFOCUS | DSBCAPS_CTRLPOSITIONNOTIFY;
bufferDesc.dwBufferBytes = dataBufferSize;
bufferDesc.dwReserved = 0;
bufferDesc.lpwfxFormat = &waveFormat;
bufferDesc.guid3DAlgorithm = GUID_NULL;

// Create a temporary sound buffer with the specific buffer settings.
result = directSound->CreateSoundBuffer(&bufferDesc, &tempBuffer, NULL);
if (FAILED(result))
{
    return false;
}

// Test the buffer format against the direct sound 8 interface and create the secondary buffer.
result = tempBuffer->QueryInterface(IID_IDirectSoundBuffer8, (void**)&secondaryBuffer);
if (FAILED(result))
{
    return false;
}

// Release the temporary buffer.
tempBuffer->Release();
tempBuffer = nullptr;

return true;
}

void ReleaseSecondaryBuffer()
{
// Release the secondary sound buffer.
if (secondaryBuffer != nullptr)
{
    (secondaryBuffer)->Release();
    secondaryBuffer = nullptr;
}
}

bool PlayWaveFile()
{
HRESULT result;
unsigned char * bufferPtr1;
unsigned long   bufferSize1;
unsigned char * bufferPtr2;
unsigned long   bufferSize2;
BYTE * dataBufferPtr = dataBuffer;
DWORD soundBytesOutput = 0;
bool fillFirstHalf = true;
LPDIRECTSOUNDNOTIFY8 directSoundNotify;
DSBPOSITIONNOTIFY positionNotify[2];

// Set position of playback at the beginning of the sound buffer.
result = secondaryBuffer->SetCurrentPosition(0);
if (FAILED(result))
{
    return false;
}

// Set volume of the buffer to 100%.
result = secondaryBuffer->SetVolume(DSBVOLUME_MAX);
if (FAILED(result))
{
    return false;
}

// Create an event for notification that playing has stopped.  This is only useful
// when your audio file fits in the entire secondary buffer (as in this example).  
// For the assignment, you are going to need notifications when the playback has reached the 
// first quarter of the buffer or the third quarter of the buffer so that you know when 
// you should copy more data into the secondary buffer. 
HANDLE playEventHandles[1];
playEventHandles[0] = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);

result = secondaryBuffer->QueryInterface(IID_IDirectSoundNotify8, (LPVOID*)&directSoundNotify);
if (FAILED(result))
{
    return false;
}
// This notification is used to indicate that we have finished playing the buffer of audio. In
// the assignment, you will need two different notifications as mentioned above. 
positionNotify[0].dwOffset = DSBPN_OFFSETSTOP;
positionNotify[0].hEventNotify = playEventHandles[0];
directSoundNotify->SetNotificationPositions(1, positionNotify);
directSoundNotify->Release();

// Now we can fill our secondary buffer and play it.  In the assignment, you will not be able to fill
// the buffer all at once since the secondary buffer will not be large enough.  Instead, you will need to
// loop through the data that you have retrieved from the server, filling different sections of the 
// secondary buffer as you receive notifications.

// Lock the first part of the secondary buffer to write wave data into it. In this case, we lock the entire
// buffer, but for the assignment, you will only want to lock the half of the buffer that is not being played.
// You will definately want to look up the methods for the IDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER8 interface to see what these
// methods do and what the parameters are used for. 
result = secondaryBuffer->Lock(0, dataBufferSize, (void**)&bufferPtr1, (DWORD*)&bufferSize1, (void**)&bufferPtr2, (DWORD*)&bufferSize2, 0);
if (FAILED(result))
{
    return false;
}
// Copy the wave data into the buffer. If you need to insert some silence into the buffer, insert values of 0.
memcpy(bufferPtr1, dataBuffer, bufferSize1);
if (bufferPtr2 != NULL)
{
    memcpy(bufferPtr2, dataBuffer, bufferSize2);
}
// Unlock the secondary buffer after the data has been written to it.
result = secondaryBuffer->Unlock((void*)bufferPtr1, bufferSize1, (void*)bufferPtr2, bufferSize2);
if (FAILED(result))
{
    return false;
}
// Play the contents of the secondary sound buffer. If you want play to go back to the start of the buffer
// again, set the last parameter to DSBPLAY_LOOPING instead of 0.  If play is already in progress, then 
// play will just continue. 
result = secondaryBuffer->Play(0, 0, 0);
if (FAILED(result))
{
    return false;
}
// Wait for notifications.  In this case, we only have one notification so we could use WaitForSingleObject,
// but for the assignment you will need more than one notification, so you will need WaitForMultipleObjects
result = WaitForMultipleObjects(1, playEventHandles, FALSE, INFINITE);
// In this case, we have been notified that playback has finished so we can just finish. In the assignment,
// you should use the appropriate notification to determine which part of the secondary buffer needs to be
// filled and handle it accordingly.
CloseHandle(playEventHandles[0]);
return true;
}

Answer 1

DirectSound已弃用。有关建议的替换，请参阅下面的内容。

文档可以在Microsoft Docs上找到。上一次发布DirectSound的示例是在遗留的DirectX SDK (2007年11月)版本中，这就是为什么您很难找到它们的原因。你可以在GitHub上找到它们。DirectSound的头文件和链接库位于Windows SDK中。

建议

对于游戏中经常使用的“实时混合和特效”，现代的替代品是XAudio2。Windows2.9包含在Windows10中，可通过简单的并排重新分发模型获得，适用于Windows7、Windows8.0和Windows8.1。文档可以在here中找到，样本可以在here中找到，redist可以在here中找到。您可能还想看看DirectX Tool Kit for Audio。

有关其他音频输出和输入，请参阅Windows Vista、Windows7、Windows8.0、Windows8.1和Windows10上支持的Windows Core audio API (WASAPI)。文档可以在here中找到。一些示例可以在GitHub上的Xbox-ATG-Samples和Windows-universal-samples中找到--虽然这些都是UWP示例，但API也支持Win32桌面。

在Windows 10上还有一个新的Microsoft Spatial Sounds (也称为。Windows Sonic)。文档可以在here上找到。样本可以在Xbox-ATG-Samples的GitHub上找到。