如何在Windows上用MinGW编译C++？

Question

我得到了以下错误

cannot find -lstdc++

collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status

这是一个简单的Hello World程序。

g++ version返回

g++ (MinGW.org GCC Build-2) 9.2.0

g++ -v <filename.cpp>返回

Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=g++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=c:/mingw/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/lto-wrapper.exe
Target: mingw32
Configured with: ../src/gcc-9.2.0/configure --build=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu --host=mingw32 --target=mingw32 --disable-win32-registry --with-arch=i586 --with-tune=generic --enable-static --enable-shared --enable-threads --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,fortran,ada --with-dwarf2 --disable-sjlj-exceptions --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs --enable-libgomp --disable-libvtv --with-libiconv-prefix=/mingw --with-libintl-prefix=/mingw --enable-libstdcxx-debug --disable-build-format-warnings --prefix=/mingw --with-gmp=/mingw --with-mpfr=/mingw --with-mpc=/mingw --with-isl=/mingw --enable-nls --with-pkgversion='MinGW.org GCC Build-2'
Thread model: win32
gcc version 9.2.0 (MinGW.org GCC Build-2)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=i586'
c:/mingw/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/cc1plus.exe -quiet -v -iprefix c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/ hw.cpp -quiet -dumpbase hw.cpp -mtune=generic -march=i586 -auxbase hw -version -o C:\Users\move78~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccQus9Kp.s
GNU C++14 (MinGW.org GCC Build-2) version 9.2.0 (mingw32)
compiled by GNU C version 9.2.0, GMP version 6.1.2, MPFR version 4.0.2, MPC version 1.1.0, isl version isl-0.21-GMP

GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
ignoring nonexistent directory "c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/include/c++"
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/include/c++/mingw32"
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/include/c++/backward"
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "/mingw/lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../include"
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../include"
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/include-fixed"
ignoring nonexistent directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "/mingw/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/include/c++
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/include/c++/mingw32
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/include/c++/backward
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/include
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../include
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/include-fixed
End of search list.
GNU C++14 (MinGW.org GCC Build-2) version 9.2.0 (mingw32)
compiled by GNU C version 9.2.0, GMP version 6.1.2, MPFR version 4.0.2, MPC version 1.1.0, isl version isl-0.21-GMP

GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: cb31672760a9c1b42d1ddb86616116cd
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=i586'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/as.exe -v -o C:\Users\move78~1\AppData\Local\Temp\cctjBjko.o C:\Users\move78~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccQus9Kp.s
GNU assembler version 2.32 (mingw32) using BFD version (GNU Binutils) 2.32
COMPILER_PATH=c:/mingw/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/;c:/mingw/bin/../libexec/gcc/;c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/
LIBRARY_PATH=c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/;c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/;c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/lib/;c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=i586'
c:/mingw/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/collect2.exe -plugin c:/mingw/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/liblto_plugin-0.dll -plugin-opt=c:/mingw/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/lto-wrapper.exe -plugin-opt=-fresolution=C:\Users\move78~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccxROszG.res -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmingw32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmingwex -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmingw32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmingwex -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmoldname -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmsvcrt -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-ladvapi32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lshell32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-luser32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lkernel32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmingw32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmingwex -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmingw32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmingwex -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmoldname -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmsvcrt -Bdynamic -u ___register_frame_info -u ___deregister_frame_info c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../crt2.o c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/crtbegin.o -Lc:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0 -Lc:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc -Lc:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/lib -Lc:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../.. C:\Users\move78~1\AppData\Local\Temp\cctjBjko.o -lstdc++ -lmingw32 -lmingwex -lmingw32 -lmingwex -lgcc_s -lgcc -lmoldname -lmsvcrt -ladvapi32 -lshell32 -luser32 -lkernel32 -lmingw32 -lmingwex -lmingw32 -lmingwex -lgcc_s -lgcc -lmoldname -lmsvcrt c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/crtend.o
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -lstdc++
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status

Answer 1

你需要做3件事来构建：

你的工具(如g++.exe)需要在你的PATH中(或者在调用它们时通过它们的完整路径指定，例如C:\mingw\mingw32\bin\g++.exe).

• The编译器需要能够找到包含文件)。如果需要，您可以使用-I标记添加包含路径(指向文件夹，而不是实际的文件)(或者您可以使用C_INCLUDE_PATH (对于C)和CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH (对于C++)环境variables).

• The链接器需要能够找到您的库(如libstdc++.a)。如果需要，可以使用-L标志(或者使用LIBRARY_PATH环境变量)添加库路径(指向文件夹，而不是实际的文件)。

如果你使用MSYS2外壳，这些东西应该已经设置好了。

来自http://winlibs.com/的独立构建会查找相对位置，并且只需将其解压缩到磁盘上的任何位置即可。

您没有提到您是从哪个shell运行命令的(命令提示符、PowerShell、MSYS)，但在您使用的任何shell中正确遵守上述内容是很重要的。

据我所知，http://winlibs.com/可以在MSYS shell、命令提示符和PowerShell中工作(尽管在使用PowerShell时，需要将以-开头的参数放在引号中)。