Python Selenium -在这种情况下(输入框)捕获元素(Xpath或CSS选择器)的最佳方式？

Question

我正在尝试用selenium抓取一个网站，我主要使用xpath或CSS选择器来抓取元素。然而，我注意到这些是动态的(即使我在网上读到CSS选择器不应该是动态的)，我不得不经常重写代码。我对此还是个新手，我想帮助你找出最好的方法。下面是一个我试图获取的输入框的元素示例，我知道像ID这样的更明确的选择器使用起来更健壮，但在这种情况下我似乎找不到任何标识符。以下元素-

<dpm-input-number-bare><input size="1" type="text" placeholder="" class="ng-pristine ng-valid ng-touched"></dpm-input-number-bare>

这不管用-

driver.find_element_by_css_selector("ng-valid.ng-dirty.ng-touched")

这是更高的级别-它基本上是输入固定利率的输入框(框旁边的标签)

<div class="dpm-form-row"><dpm-input-number class="flex-6"><dpm-input-label><label>Fixed Rate</label></dpm-input-label><dpm-input-number-bare><input size="1" type="text" placeholder="" class="ng-pristine ng-valid ng-touched"></dpm-input-number-bare></dpm-input-number><div class="flex-6"></div></div>

Answer 1

您可以使用以下XPath找到该元素：

driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@class="ng-pristine ng-valid ng-touched"][../preceding-sibling::dpm-input-label[1]/label[.="Fixed Rate"]]')

我们使用label元素作为锚点。获取满足以下条件的input元素:其parent的第一个preceding-sibling有一个label子级，其中包含术语"Fixed Rate“。

如果需要，添加一个预期的条件(元素可以接收到点击)。假设您想在输入框中发送"12“：

WebDriverWait(browser, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, '//input[@class="ng-pristine ng-valid ng-touched"][../preceding-sibling::dpm-input-label[1]/label[.="Fixed Rate"]]'))).send_keys("12")

导入：

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

编辑：其他XPath替代方案：

3使用following-sibling轴的XPath：

//dpm-input-label[label[.="Fixed Rate"]]/following-sibling::dpm-input-number-bare[1]/input
//dpm-input-label[label[contains(.,"Fixed Rate")]]/following-sibling::dpm-input-number-bare[1]/input
//dpm-input-label[contains(.,"Fixed Rate")]/following-sibling::dpm-input-number-bare[1]/input

3 XPath使用preceding-sibling轴和input元素的多个contains：

//input[contains(@class,"ng-pristine") and contains(@class,"ng-valid") and contains(@class,"ng-touched")][../preceding-sibling::dpm-input-label[1]/label[.="Fixed Rate"]]
//input[contains(@class,"ng-pristine") and contains(@class,"ng-valid") and contains(@class,"ng-touched")][../preceding-sibling::dpm-input-label[1]/label[contains(.,"Fixed Rate")]]
//input[contains(@class,"ng-pristine") and contains(@class,"ng-valid") and contains(@class,"ng-touched")][../preceding-sibling::dpm-input-label[1][contains(.,"Fixed Rate")]]

4使用preceding轴的XPath：

//input[@class="ng-pristine ng-valid ng-touched"][preceding::label[1][.="Fixed Rate"]]
//input[@class="ng-pristine ng-valid ng-touched"][preceding::label[1][contains(.,"Fixed Rate")]]
//input[contains(@class,"ng-pristine") and contains(@class,"ng-valid") and contains(@class,"ng-touched")][preceding::label[1][.="Fixed Rate"]]
//input[contains(@class,"ng-pristine") and contains(@class,"ng-valid") and contains(@class,"ng-touched")][preceding::label[1][contains(.,"Fixed Rate")]]

Answer 2

你试过这个吗？

driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@type="text"]')

但是，如果同一XPath中有多个元素，则可能会引发错误。

Answer 3

如何使用元素的类来查找元素

driver.find_element_by_class_name('ng-pristine ng-valid ng-touched')