使用BNFC确定命题逻辑的基本语言(语法错误)

Question

我想用BNFC分析命题逻辑中的句子。我写了下面的BNF语法来促进这一点：

Negation.     N ::= "(" "-" L")";
Conjuction.   C ::= "(" L "&" L ")";
Disjuction.   D ::= "(" L "|" L ")";
Implication.  I ::= "(" L "=>" L ")";
Equivalence.  E ::= "(" L "<=>" L ")";
Atom.         L ::= Ident | N | C | D | I | E ;

然而，在这种构造中，我得到了以下错误：

syntax error at line 6, column 27 before `|'

关于我提供的规范，语法上有什么不正确的地方？

编辑1

好的，看起来bnfc真的不喜欢使用符号|来表示联合。那么，如果不是通过联合，我如何将多个产品分配给单个规则？我不想定义Atom1. L ::= Ident ;、Atom2. L ::= N ;等等，但是如果我想让它工作，这是必要的吗？

编辑2

好的，为每个L-production赋予不同的标签，如下所示

Negation.     N ::= "(" "-" L")";
Conjuction.   C ::= "(" L "&" L ")";
Disjuction.   D ::= "(" L "|" L ")";
Implication.  I ::= "(" L "=>" L ")";
Equivalence.  E ::= "(" L "<=>" L ")";
Atom1.        L ::= Ident ;
Atom2.        L ::= N ;
Atom3.        L ::= C ;
Atom4.        L ::= D ;
Atom5.        L ::= I ;
Atom6.        L ::= E ;

允许文件logic.cf通过bnfc而不发生任何错误。但是，当使用以下命令编译文件时

bnfc -m -c file.cf

然后我尝试运行make，当Make尝试在bnfc生成的文件Printer.c上运行gcc时，我得到以下错误

gcc -g -W -Wall -c Absyn.c
flex -Plogic -oLexer.c logic.l
gcc -g -W -Wall -c Lexer.c 
Lexer.c:1477:16: warning: ‘input’ defined but not used [-Wunused-function]
     static int input  (void)
                ^~~~~
Lexer.c:1434:17: warning: ‘yyunput’ defined but not used [-Wunused-function]
     static void yyunput (int c, char * yy_bp )
                 ^~~~~~~
bison -t -plogic logic.y -o Parser.c
gcc -g -W -Wall -c Parser.c
gcc -g -W -Wall -c Printer.c
Printer.c: In function ‘ppL’:
Printer.c:289:20: error: ‘union <anonymous>’ has no member named ‘atom_’; did you mean ‘atom1_’?
     ppIdent(_p_->u.atom_.ident_, 0);
                    ^~~~~
                    atom1_
Printer.c:296:16: error: ‘union <anonymous>’ has no member named ‘atom_’; did you mean ‘atom1_’?
     ppN(_p_->u.atom_.n_, 0);
                ^~~~~
                atom1_
Printer.c:303:16: error: ‘union <anonymous>’ has no member named ‘atom_’; did you mean ‘atom1_’?
     ppC(_p_->u.atom_.c_, 0);
                ^~~~~
                atom1_
Printer.c:310:16: error: ‘union <anonymous>’ has no member named ‘atom_’; did you mean ‘atom1_’?
     ppD(_p_->u.atom_.d_, 0);
                ^~~~~
                atom1_
Printer.c:317:16: error: ‘union <anonymous>’ has no member named ‘atom_’; did you mean ‘atom1_’?
     ppI(_p_->u.atom_.i_, 0);
                ^~~~~
                atom1_
Printer.c:324:16: error: ‘union <anonymous>’ has no member named ‘atom_’; did you mean ‘atom1_’?
     ppE(_p_->u.atom_.e_, 0);
                ^~~~~
                atom1_
Printer.c: In function ‘ppInteger’:
Printer.c:336:31: warning: unused parameter ‘i’ [-Wunused-parameter]
 void ppInteger(Integer n, int i)
                               ^
Printer.c: In function ‘ppDouble’:
Printer.c:342:29: warning: unused parameter ‘i’ [-Wunused-parameter]
 void ppDouble(Double d, int i)
                             ^
Printer.c: In function ‘ppChar’:
Printer.c:348:25: warning: unused parameter ‘i’ [-Wunused-parameter]
 void ppChar(Char c, int i)
                         ^
Printer.c: In function ‘ppString’:
Printer.c:354:29: warning: unused parameter ‘i’ [-Wunused-parameter]
 void ppString(String s, int i)
                             ^
Printer.c: In function ‘ppIdent’:
Printer.c:360:28: warning: unused parameter ‘i’ [-Wunused-parameter]
 void ppIdent(String s, int i)
                            ^
Printer.c: In function ‘shL’:
Printer.c:507:20: error: ‘union <anonymous>’ has no member named ‘atom_’; did you mean ‘atom1_’?
     shIdent(_p_->u.atom_.ident_);
                    ^~~~~
                    atom1_
Printer.c:522:16: error: ‘union <anonymous>’ has no member named ‘atom_’; did you mean ‘atom1_’?
     shN(_p_->u.atom_.n_);
                ^~~~~
                atom1_
Printer.c:537:16: error: ‘union <anonymous>’ has no member named ‘atom_’; did you mean ‘atom1_’?
     shC(_p_->u.atom_.c_);
                ^~~~~
                atom1_
Printer.c:552:16: error: ‘union <anonymous>’ has no member named ‘atom_’; did you mean ‘atom1_’?
     shD(_p_->u.atom_.d_);
                ^~~~~
                atom1_
Printer.c:567:16: error: ‘union <anonymous>’ has no member named ‘atom_’; did you mean ‘atom1_’?
     shI(_p_->u.atom_.i_);
                ^~~~~
                atom1_
Printer.c:582:16: error: ‘union <anonymous>’ has no member named ‘atom_’; did you mean ‘atom1_’?
     shE(_p_->u.atom_.e_);
                ^~~~~
                atom1_
Makefile:42: recipe for target 'Printer.o' failed
make: *** [Printer.o] Error 1

我不知道这是什么意思。当我还没有在logic.cf中指定这样的东西时，为什么它要试图找到atom_呢?如果有人对bnfc的内部结构更有经验，我不介意听到你的意见。

编辑3

好的，所以把标签写成

Negation.     N ::= "(" "-" L ")";
Conjuction.   C ::= "(" L "&" L ")";
Disjuction.   D ::= "(" L "|" L ")";
Implication.  I ::= "(" L "=>" L ")";
Equivalence.  E ::= "(" L "<=>" L ")";
Atom.         L ::= Ident;
AtomN.        L ::= N ;
AtomC.        L ::= C ;
AtomD.        L ::= D ;
AtomI.        L ::= I ;
AtomE.        L ::= E ;

不知何故神奇地让make通过了。但是，我的解析器并不完全有效，就像下面这样简单

echo "p" | ./Testlogic

返回的是

error: line 1: syntax error at p

p不是一个有效的标识符，所以生产Atom. L ::= Ident;应该允许它通过吗？为何不是这样呢？

Answer 1

事实证明，当涉及到产品的顺序时，BNFC有点挑剔。我不得不写

Atom.         L ::= Ident;
AtomN.        L ::= N ;
AtomC.        L ::= C ;
AtomD.        L ::= D ;
AtomI.        L ::= I ;
AtomE.        L ::= E ;
Negation.     N ::= "(" "-" L ")";
Conjuction.   C ::= "(" L "&" L ")";
Disjuction.   D ::= "(" L "|" L ")";
Implication.  I ::= "(" L "=>" L ")";
Equivalence.  E ::= "(" L "<=>" L ")";

除了去掉标签末端的数字外，它还可以工作。我现在能够解析谓词逻辑中的简单句子了：

$ echo "(a&(a<=>b))" | ./Testlogic 

Parse Succesful!

[Abstract Syntax]
(AtomC [(Conjuction (Atom ["a"]) (AtomE [(Equivalence (Atom ["a"]) (Atom ["b"]))]))])

[Linearized Tree]
(a  & (a <=> b))