按键和播放器动画发生之间的延迟(KeyListener、Java)

Question

我是第一次接触堆栈溢出，所以如果我犯了任何错误，请原谅。

我正在写一个动画的移动玩家的java游戏，然而，当我按键移动说的玩家(W，A，S和D)，玩家停止，等待一小段时间，然后正常行走。这就像w.....wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww一样。意味着玩家不会移动。

我已经查找了很多解决方案，但由于某种原因，它们都不起作用。即使我使用setter来设置animation...the，也会发生同样的事情。

我的代码是错的吗？我是不是遗漏了什么？?

这是包含播放器和KeyListener的类。有什么问题吗？

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.*;


class Play extends JPanel implements KeyListener, ActionListener{
JFrame playFrame = new JFrame("Play");

int xPos = 295;
int yPos= 215;

int xWorld = 0;
int yWorld = 0;

int worldSizeX = 640;
int worldSizeY = 480; 

boolean w, a, s, d, shift, esc, b;

Font font;

private BufferedImage[] walkingDown = {Sprite.getSprite(0,0), Sprite.getSprite(1,0), Sprite.getSprite(2,0), Sprite.getSprite(3,0)};
private BufferedImage[] walkingDownLeft = {Sprite.getSprite(0,1), Sprite.getSprite(1,1), Sprite.getSprite(2,1), Sprite.getSprite(3,1)};
private BufferedImage[] walkingDownRight = {Sprite.getSprite(0,2), Sprite.getSprite(1,2), Sprite.getSprite(2,2), Sprite.getSprite(3,2)};
private BufferedImage[] walkingUp = {Sprite.getSprite(0,5), Sprite.getSprite(1,5), Sprite.getSprite(2,5), Sprite.getSprite(3,5)};
private BufferedImage[] walkingUpLeft = {Sprite.getSprite(0,6), Sprite.getSprite(1,6), Sprite.getSprite(2,6), Sprite.getSprite(3,6)};
private BufferedImage[] walkingUpRight = {Sprite.getSprite(0,7), Sprite.getSprite(1,7), Sprite.getSprite(2,7), Sprite.getSprite(3,7)};
private BufferedImage[] walkingLeft = {Sprite.getSprite(0,3), Sprite.getSprite(1,3), Sprite.getSprite(2,3), Sprite.getSprite(3,3)};
private BufferedImage[] walkingRight = {Sprite.getSprite(0,4), Sprite.getSprite(1,4), Sprite.getSprite(2,4), Sprite.getSprite(3,4)};
private BufferedImage[] standing = {Sprite.getSprite(0,0)};

private Animation walkDown = new Animation(walkingDown, 12);
private Animation walkDownLeft = new Animation(walkingDownLeft, 12);
private Animation walkDownRight = new Animation(walkingDownRight, 12);
private Animation walkUp = new Animation(walkingUp, 12);
private Animation walkUpLeft = new Animation(walkingUpLeft, 12);
private Animation walkUpRight = new Animation(walkingUpRight, 12);
private Animation walkLeft = new Animation(walkingLeft, 12);
private Animation walkRight = new Animation(walkingRight, 12);
private Animation stand = new Animation(standing, 12);

private BufferedImage[] rollingDown = {Sprite.getSprite(0,8), Sprite.getSprite(1,8), Sprite.getSprite(2,8), Sprite.getSprite(3,8)};
private BufferedImage[] rollingDownLeft = {Sprite.getSprite(0,9), Sprite.getSprite(1,9), Sprite.getSprite(2,9), Sprite.getSprite(3,9)};
private BufferedImage[] rollingDownRight = {Sprite.getSprite(0,10), Sprite.getSprite(1,10), Sprite.getSprite(2,10), Sprite.getSprite(3,10)};
private BufferedImage[] rollingUp = {Sprite.getSprite(0,13), Sprite.getSprite(1,13), Sprite.getSprite(2,13), Sprite.getSprite(3,13)};
private BufferedImage[] rollingUpLeft = {Sprite.getSprite(0,14), Sprite.getSprite(1,14), Sprite.getSprite(2,14), Sprite.getSprite(3,14)};
private BufferedImage[] rollingUpRight = {Sprite.getSprite(0,15), Sprite.getSprite(1,15), Sprite.getSprite(2,15), Sprite.getSprite(3,15)};
private BufferedImage[] rollingLeft = {Sprite.getSprite(0,11), Sprite.getSprite(1,11), Sprite.getSprite(2,11), Sprite.getSprite(3,11)};
private BufferedImage[] rollingRight = {Sprite.getSprite(0,12), Sprite.getSprite(1,12), Sprite.getSprite(2,12), Sprite.getSprite(3,12)};

private Animation rollDown = new Animation(rollingDown, 12);
private Animation rollDownLeft = new Animation(rollingDownLeft, 12);
private Animation rollDownRight = new Animation(rollingDownRight, 12);
private Animation rollUp = new Animation(rollingUp, 12);
private Animation rollUpLeft = new Animation(rollingUpLeft, 12);
private Animation rollUpRight = new Animation(rollingUpRight, 12);
private Animation rollLeft = new Animation(rollingLeft, 12);
private Animation rollRight = new Animation(rollingRight, 12);

private Animation animation = stand;

Timer timer = new Timer(12, this);

public Play(){
    playFrame.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(640,480));
    playFrame.pack();
    playFrame.setResizable(false);
    playFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    playFrame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);

    addKeyListener(this);
    setFocusable(true);

    timer.start();

    playFrame.setVisible(true);
}

public void paintComponent(Graphics g){
    super.paintComponent(g);
    Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D)g;

    setBackground(Color.CYAN);

    g2d.setColor(Color.GREEN);
    g2d.fillRect(xWorld,yWorld, 640,480);

    g2d.drawImage(animation.getSprite(), xPos, yPos, null);

    if(esc == true){
        g2d.setColor(Color.BLACK);
        g2d.fillRect(0,0, 640,480);

        try{
            font = Font.createFont(Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, new File("pixelated/pixelated.ttf"));
            GraphicsEnvironment ge = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment();
            ge.registerFont(Font.createFont(Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, new File("pixelated/pixelated.ttf")));
        }catch(IOException|FontFormatException e){
        }

        g2d.setFont(font.deriveFont(80f));
        g2d.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        g2d.drawString("Paused", 205,80);

        g2d.setFont(font.deriveFont(30f));
        g2d.drawString("To resume, press W, A, S or D", 150,150);

        g2d.drawString("Or", 305,240);

        g2d.drawString("Press ESCAPE + B to go back to MainMenu <--", 40,320);

        if(esc == true && w == true){
            esc = false;
        }
        if(esc == true && a == true){
            esc = false;
        }
        if(esc == true && s == true){
            esc = false;
        }
        if(esc == true && d == true){
            esc = false;
        }
    }
}

public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e){
    if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_W) w = true;
    if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_A) a = true;
    if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_S) s = true;
    if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_D) d = true;
    if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT) shift = true;
    if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_ESCAPE) esc = true;
    if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_B) b = true;

    //walking
    if(w == true){      
        yWorld = yWorld+1;

        animation = walkUp;
        animation.start();

        repaint();
    }
    if(a == true){
        xWorld = xWorld+1;

        animation = walkLeft;
        animation.start();

        repaint();
    } 
    if(s == true){
        yWorld = yWorld-1;

        animation = walkDown;
        animation.start();

        repaint();
    }
    if(d == true){
        xWorld = xWorld-1;

        animation = walkRight;
        animation.start();

        repaint();
    }

    if(w==true && a==true){
        yWorld = yWorld+1;
        xWorld = xWorld+1;

        animation = walkUpLeft;
        animation.start();
    }       
    if(w==true && d==true){
        yWorld = yWorld+1;
        xWorld = xWorld-1;

        animation = walkUpRight;
        animation.start();
    }       
    if(s==true && a==true){
        yWorld = yWorld-1;
        xWorld = xWorld+1;

        animation = walkDownLeft;
        animation.start();
    }       
    if(s==true && d==true){
        yWorld = yWorld-1;
        xWorld = xWorld-1;

        animation = walkDownRight;
        animation.start();
    }

    //rolling
    if(w==true && shift==true){
        yWorld = yWorld+5;

        animation = rollUp;
        animation.start();

        repaint();
    }
    if(a==true && shift==true){
        xWorld = xWorld+5;

        animation = rollLeft;
        animation.start();

        repaint();
    }
    if(s==true && shift==true){
        yWorld = yWorld-5;

        animation = rollDown;
        animation.start();

        repaint();
    }
    if(d==true && shift==true){
        xWorld = xWorld-5;

        animation = rollRight;
        animation.start();

        repaint();
    }

    if(w==true && a==true &&shift==true){
        yWorld = yWorld+1;
        xWorld = xWorld+1;

        animation = rollUpLeft;
        animation.start();
    }       
    if(w==true && d==true &&shift==true){
        yWorld = yWorld+1;
        xWorld = xWorld-1;

        animation = rollUpRight;
        animation.start();
    }       
    if(s==true && a==true &&shift==true){
        yWorld = yWorld-1;
        xWorld = xWorld+1;

        animation = rollDownLeft;
        animation.start();
    }       
    if(s==true && d==true &&shift==true){
        yWorld = yWorld-1;
        xWorld = xWorld-1;

        animation = rollDownRight;
        animation.start();
    }

    if(esc == true && b == true){
        esc = false;

        playFrame.setVisible(false);

        new MainMenu();
    }
}

public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e){
    if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_W) w = false;
    if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_A) a = false;
    if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_S) s = false;
    if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_D) d = false;
    if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT) shift = false;
    if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_B) b = false;

    if(w == false){
        animation.stop();
        animation.reset();
        animation = stand;
    }

    if(a == false){
        animation.stop();
        animation.reset();
        animation = stand;
    }

    if(s == false){
        animation.stop();
        animation.reset();
        animation = stand;
    }

    if(d == false){
        animation.stop();
        animation.reset();
        animation = stand;
    }

    if(shift == false){
        animation.stop();
        animation.reset();
        animation = stand;
    }
}

public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e){
}

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){     
    animation.update();

    if(yPos < yWorld){
        yWorld = yPos;
        yPos = yWorld;
    }
    if(xPos < xWorld){
        xWorld = xPos;
        xPos = xWorld;
    }       
    if((yPos+64) > (yWorld+worldSizeY)){
        yWorld = yPos-worldSizeY+64;
        yPos = (yWorld+worldSizeY)-64;
    }
    if((xPos+64) > (xWorld+worldSizeX)){
        xWorld = xPos-worldSizeX+64;
        xPos = (xWorld+worldSizeX)-64;  
    }
  }
}

Answer 1

当我按下键移动所述播放器(W，A，S和D)时，播放器停止，稍等片刻，然后正常行走。

这是因为键盘的“重复频率”是由操作系统中的设置控制的。不要依赖操作系统来生成事件。

相反，您应该使用Swing Timer来安排事件。当密钥为：

按下

1. ，启动计时器。
2. 释放，你停止计时器。

此外，您应该使用“键绑定”，而不是KeyListener。

阅读Swing教程中有关以下内容的部分：

1. How to Use Swing Timers
2. How to Use Key Bindings

有关这些概念的详细信息，请参阅。

你也可以查看：Motion Using the Keyboard。Keyboard Animation示例合并了上述两个建议。此外，绘制方法仅用于绘制。您不应该：

1. 读取字体文件
2. 设置属性值

您无法控制何时调用paintComponent()方法，因此您应该只绘制类的当前状态。您需要其他方法来更改变量的状态。