列出目录中的文件，并将其复制-替换到Linux的另一个目录中

Question

我们有两个目录，如下所述，每当我们在Directory-1中获得新文件时，只有它们应该被复制并替换到Directory-2中。如何在Linux脚本中实现这一点。文件名保持不变，但版本会有所不同。

Directory-1:
FileOne_2.0.0.txt
FileTwo_3.0.0.txt

Directory-2:
FileOne_1.0.0.txt
FileTwo_2.0.0.txt
FileThree_3.0.0.txt
FileFive_5.0.0.txt

Answer 1

尝试此代码(在您信任您的真实目录和文件之前，在测试设置上)：

#! /bin/bash -p

shopt -s extglob    # Enable extended globbing ( +([0-9]) ... )
shopt -s nullglob   # Globs that match nothing expand to nothing
shopt -s dotglob    # Globs match files with names starting with '.'

srcdir='Directory-1'
destdir='Directory-2'

# A(n extended) glob pattern to match a version string (e.g. '543.21.0')
readonly kVERGLOB='+([0-9]).+([0-9]).+([0-9])'

# shellcheck disable=SC2231 # (Bad warning re. unquoted ${kVERGLOB})
for srcpath in "$srcdir"/*_${kVERGLOB}.txt; do
    srcfile=${srcpath##*/}  # E.g. 'FileOne_2.0.0.txt'
    srcbase=${srcfile%_*}   # E.g. 'FileOne'

    # Set and check the path that the file will be moved to
    destpath=$destdir/$srcfile
    if [[ -e $destpath ]]; then
        printf "Warning: '%s' already exists.  Skipping '%s'.\\n" \
                "$destpath" "$srcpath" >&2
        continue
    fi

    # Make a list of the old versions of the file
    # shellcheck disable=SC2206 # (Bad warning re. unquoted ${kVERGLOB})
    old_destpaths=( "$destdir/$srcbase"_${kVERGLOB}.txt )
    # TODO: Add checks that the number of old files (${#old_destpaths[*]})
    #       is what is expected (exactly one?)

    # Move the file
    if mv -i -- "$srcpath" "$destpath"; then
        printf "Moved '%s' to '%s'\\n" "$srcpath" "$destpath" >&2
    else
        printf "Warning: Failed to move '%s' to '%s'.  Skipping '%s'.\\n" \
                "$srcpath" "$destpath" "$srcpath" >&2
        continue
    fi

    # Remove the old version(s) of the file (if any)
    for oldpath in "${old_destpaths[@]}"; do
        if rm -- "$oldpath"; then
            printf "Removed  '%s'\\n" "$oldpath" >&2
        else
            printf "Warning: Failed to remove '%s'.\\n" "$oldpath" >&2
        fi
    done
done

• 代码是Shellcheck-clean。由于未加引号的展开是必需的，因此使用了两个外壳检查抑制注释，将here.
• srcdir和destdir设置为常量。您可能希望从命令行参数中获取它们，或者将它们设置为不同的常量值。
• 可以通过删除检查来缩短代码。然而，移动和删除是破坏性的操作，如果它们做得不正确，会造成很大的损害。如果它是我自己的数据，我会添加更多的检查。
• 有关代码中使用的“扩展全局扫描”的解释，请参阅glob - Greg's Wiki。
• 有关代码和${srcfile%_*}.
• mv -i的解释，请参阅
• ，它用作防止覆盖现有文件的双重保护。
• 所有外部命令都是使用<代码>d23调用的，以显式结束选项，如果它们与以-.
• Make开头的路径一起使用，请确保您理解代码，并在真正使用它之前对其进行非常仔细的测试。

Answer 2

source_dir=./files/0
dest_dir=./files/1/
for file in $source_dir/*
do
  echo $file
  echo "processing"
  if [[ "1" == "1" ]]; then
    mv $file $dest_dir
  fi
done

Where processing和1 == 1就是你的“预检”(你还没有告诉我们)

Answer 3

如果您的coreutils sort高于或等于v7.0 (2008-10-5)，之后sort命令支持版本选项( -V -sort)，您是否会尝试：

declare -A base2ver base2file

# compare versions
# returns 0 if $1 equals to $2
#         1 if $1 is newer than $2
#        -1 if $1 is older than $2
vercomp() {
    if [[ $1 = $2 ]]; then
        echo 0
    else
        newer=$(echo -e "$1\n$2" | sort -Vr | head -n 1)
        if [[ $newer = $1 ]]; then
            echo 1
        else
            echo -1
        fi
    fi
}

for f in Directory-1/*.txt; do
    basename=${f##*/}
    version=${basename##*_}
    version=${version%.txt}       # version number such as "2.0.0"
    basename=${basename%_*}       # basename such as "FileOne"
    base2ver[$basename]=$version  # associates basename with version number
    base2file[$basename]=$f       # associates basename with full filename
done

for f in Directory-2/*.txt; do
    basename=${f##*/}
    version=${basename##*_}
    version=${version%.txt}
    basename=${basename%_*}

    if [[ -n ${base2ver[$basename]} ]] && (( $(vercomp "${base2ver[$basename]}" "$version") > 0 )); then
#       echo "${base2file[$basename]} is newer than $f"
        rm -- "$f"
        cp -p -- "${base2file[$basename]}" Directory-2
    fi
done