在共享开发环境中使用Django、Gunicorn和Ngnix提供静态内容

Question

我在SO上看到了这个问题的许多很好的答案，但要么我不理解它们，要么它们不适用于我的特定情况。我在这里看过：Serving static files with Nginx + Gunicorn + Django和许多其他的。我已经遵循了这些答案中的建议，但我仍然没有有效的解决方案。我希望如果我准确地解释了我在做什么，那么也许有人会告诉我我哪里错了。

我和其他几个团队在一个共享的环境中开发，我们共享一个ngnix服务器。我在这个共享服务器sre-dev.example.com上有一个Django项目。Django项目的路径是/apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman。

在我的settings.py中，我设置了以下值：

STATIC_ROOT = '/apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/static'
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'corsheaders',
    'rest_framework',
    'rest_framework.authtoken',
    ...
    'django_db_logger',
    'rest_framework_swagger'
]

我已经创建了一个/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目录和sym链接，

ln -s /apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/nginx.conf caasa-dev.example.com

我还在sre-dev的DNS中创建了别名(CNAME)和caasa-dev.example.com。在中添加了一个包含以下内容的nginx.conf文件/apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/nginx.conf：

server {
    listen 10001;
    server_name caasa-dev.example.com;

    location /static {
        alias /apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/static/;
    }
}

我执行了..。

python manage.py collectstatic

..。几次之后，文件就在那里了：

$ pwd
/apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/static
$ ls
admin  rest_framework  rest_framework_swagger

我已经重新启动了nginx和gunicron。我的gunicorn服务器有一个systemd配置，因此我可以执行以下操作：

systemctl restart gnuicorn-capman.service

如果我执行systemctl -l status gnuicorn-capman.service，我会得到以下输出：

# systemctl -l status gnuicorn-capman.service
● gnuicorn-capman.service - capman gnuicron service
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/gnuicorn-capman.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2018-12-14 12:42:40 GMT; 17min ago
  Process: 14949 ExecStopPost=/bin/rm -rf /run/gnuicorn-capman (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 14946 ExecStop=/bin/kill -s TERM $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 14955 ExecStartPre=/bin/chown -R sreuser:example /run/gnuicorn-capman /apps/capman/capman_port10001 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 14953 ExecStartPre=/bin/mkdir /run/gnuicorn-capman (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 14960 (gunicorn)
   CGroup: /system.slice/gnuicorn-capman.service
           ├─14960 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/python2.7 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/gunicorn --workers 4 capman.wsgi --bind 0.0.0.0:10001 --access-logfile ./access.log --error-logfile ./error.log --timeout 600
           ├─14966 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/python2.7 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/gunicorn --workers 4 capman.wsgi --bind 0.0.0.0:10001 --access-logfile ./access.log --error-logfile ./error.log --timeout 600
           ├─14968 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/python2.7 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/gunicorn --workers 4 capman.wsgi --bind 0.0.0.0:10001 --access-logfile ./access.log --error-logfile ./error.log --timeout 600
           ├─14970 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/python2.7 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/gunicorn --workers 4 capman.wsgi --bind 0.0.0.0:10001 --access-logfile ./access.log --error-logfile ./error.log --timeout 600
           └─14971 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/python2.7 /apps/capman/capman_port10001/env/bin/gunicorn --workers 4 capman.wsgi --bind 0.0.0.0:10001 --access-logfile ./access.log --error-logfile ./error.log --timeout 600

然而，当我尝试访问caasa-dev.example.com:10001/admin/login/?next=/admin/时，仍然得不到静态内容：

​

​

我也会收到这样的消息...

... "GET /static/admin/css/base.css HTTP/1.1" 404 2793 "http://caasa-dev.example.com:10001/admin/login/?next=/admin/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X

..。在我的access.log里。

那么我遗漏了什么呢？我做错了什么？

更新:如果我去caasa-dev.example.com:10001/static/，我会看到标准的Django404错误页面。

更新2：

由于某些原因，我的日志文件是空的：

[root@sre-dev sites-enabled]# systemctl -l status nginx
● nginx.service - The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2018-12-14 12:42:37 GMT; 56min ago
  Process: 14926 ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 14932 ExecStart=/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 14930 ExecStartPre=/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 14934 (nginx)
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─14934 nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/ngin
           └─14935 nginx: worker process

Dec 14 12:42:37 sre-dev systemd[1]: Starting The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Dec 14 12:42:37 sre-dev nginx[14930]: nginx: the configuration file /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Dec 14 12:42:37 sre-dev nginx[14930]: nginx: configuration file /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
Dec 14 12:42:37 sre-dev systemd[1]: Started The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server.
[root@sre-dev sites-enabled]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root     14934     1  0 12:42 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx
nobody   14935 14934  0 12:42 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root     26500  3799  0 13:40 pts/8    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@sre-dev sites-enabled]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[root@sre-dev sites-enabled]# grep log /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
[root@sre-dev sites-enabled]# ls -l /var/log/nginx/error.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 nginx root 0 Jun  1  2018 /var/log/nginx/error.log
[root@sre-dev sites-enabled]# ls -l /var/log/nginx/access.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 nginx nginx 0 Jun  7  2018 /var/log/nginx/access.log

更新3：

谢谢伊凡，但是我的/apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/nginx.conf应该是：

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name caasa-dev.example.com;

    location /static {
        alias /apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/static/;
    }

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:10001;
    }
}

或

server {
    listen 10001;
    server_name caasa-dev.example.com;

    location /static {
        alias /apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/static/;
    }

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:80;
    }
}

更新4：

我刚刚注意到我的/etc/nginx/nginx.conf没有包含我的站点启用的目录：

[root@sre-dev nginx]# grep -r include *
nginx.conf:include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
nginx.conf:    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
nginx.conf:    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
nginx.conf:    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
nginx.conf:        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
nginx.conf:#        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
nginx.conf.default:    include       mime.types;
nginx.conf.default:        #    include        fastcgi_params;

我是不是应该加上这行...

include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*.conf

..。添加到我的/etc/nginx/nginx.conf中，如果有，在该文件中的什么位置？

Answer 1

gunicorn --workers 4 capman.wsgi --bind 0.0.0.0:10001

nginx：listen 10001;

我猜nginx甚至没有启动(参见等同端口？)。所有请求都由Django处理。更改端口。

如果这是您拥有的完整的Nginx配置，那么它就缺少将请求转发到django的proxy_pass block

Answer 2

问题是你正在使用gunicorn为django提供服务，但是nginx没有监听这个端口，所以反向代理与你的域名相连。使用此nginx配置：

server {
listen 80;
server_name caasa-dev.example.com;

location /static {
    alias /apps/capman/capman_port10001/capman/static;
}

location / {
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:10001;
}
}

在此配置中，nginx充当反向代理，并将所有流量路由到您的域的端口80，到由gunicorn处理的内部网络127.0.0.1:10001。

请注意，您正在使用 on address 0.0.0.0。我不建议你这么做。将其改为127.0.0.1，或者使用linux .sock文件以获得更好的配置。