DJango REST框架SyntaxError入门:无效语法

Question

我是python的新手，甚至是DJANGO的新手。我以前写过两个Python应用程序，但它是免费的。我已经开始学习DJANGO Rest框架：https://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/quickstart/

准确地复制我为测试我们的应用程序接口所做的工作，并运行提供给我：

Performing system checks...

Unhandled exception in thread started by <function wrapper at 0x10350c410>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 228, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 124, in inner_run
    self.check(display_num_errors=True)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 359, in check
    include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 346, in _run_checks
    return checks.run_checks(**kwargs)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/registry.py", line 81, in run_checks
    new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 16, in check_url_config
    return check_resolver(resolver)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 26, in check_resolver
    return check_method()
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 256, in check
    for pattern in self.url_patterns:
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 35, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 407, in url_patterns
    patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 35, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 400, in urlconf_module
    return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
    __import__(name)
  File "/Users/devindixon/Sites/Hearst/tutorial/tutorial/urls.py", line 18, in <module>
    from rest_framework import routers
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/rest_framework/routers.py", line 25, in <module>
    from rest_framework import views
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/rest_framework/views.py", line 16, in <module>
    from rest_framework import exceptions, status
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/rest_framework/exceptions.py", line 17, in <module>
    from rest_framework.utils.serializer_helpers import ReturnDict, ReturnList
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/rest_framework/utils/serializer_helpers.py", line 8, in <module>
    from rest_framework.compat import unicode_to_repr
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/rest_framework/compat.py", line 77, in <module>
    import django_filters
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django_filters/__init__.py", line 4, in <module>
    from .filterset import FilterSet
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django_filters/filterset.py", line 184
    def __init__(self, data=None, queryset=None, *, request=None, prefix=None):
                                                  ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

这是我的错误还是系统错误？根据堆栈跟踪，它只命中/tutorial/tutorial/urls.py中的代码

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from rest_framework import routers <----THIS IS LINE 18
from tutorial.quickstart import views

router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)

# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API.
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
    url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
]

Answer 1

您正在使用的Python2.7与您所看到的here的最新django-filter版本不兼容

请考虑降级：

pip install "django-filter<2.0"

Answer 2

我的两点意见:正如@9769953和@Livonia所说的，你正在使用的django-filter版本在https://github.com/carltongibson/django-filter/blob/master/django_filters/filterset.py#L184中使用了与Python 2.7不兼容的Python 3.x语法，所以这个版本。新语法是在https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3102/上指定的。

您得到的错误位于第184行：

File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django_filters/filterset.py", line 184
def __init__(self, data=None, queryset=None, *, request=None, prefix=None):
                                              ^

SyntaxError: invalid syntax

所以：

pip install "django-filter<2.0"

会解决你的问题