如何使用Lua5.1 lemon语法？

Question

我找到了Lemon here的Lua5.1语法(页末的清单1)：

%fallback  OPEN '(' .

chunk      ::= block .

semi       ::= ';' .
semi       ::= .

block      ::= scope statlist .
block      ::= scope statlist laststat semi .
ublock     ::= block 'until' exp .

scope      ::= .
scope      ::= scope statlist binding semi.

statlist   ::= .
statlist   ::= statlist stat semi .

stat       ::= 'do' block 'end' .
stat       ::= 'while' exp 'do' block 'end' .
stat       ::= repetition 'do' block 'end' .
stat       ::= 'repeat' ublock .
stat       ::= 'if' conds 'end' .
stat       ::= 'function' funcname funcbody .
stat       ::= setlist '=' explist1 .
stat       ::= functioncall .

repetition ::= 'for' NAME '=' explist23 .
repetition ::= 'for' namelist 'in' explist1 .

conds      ::= condlist .
conds      ::= condlist 'else' block .
condlist   ::= cond .
condlist   ::= condlist 'elseif' cond .
cond       ::= exp 'then' block .

laststat   ::= 'break' .
laststat   ::= 'return' .
laststat   ::= 'return' explist1 .

binding    ::= 'local' namelist .
binding    ::= 'local' namelist '=' explist1 .
binding    ::= 'local' 'function' NAME funcbody .

funcname   ::= dottedname .
funcname   ::= dottedname ':' NAME .

dottedname ::= NAME .
dottedname ::= dottedname '.' NAME .

namelist   ::= NAME .
namelist   ::= namelist ',' NAME .

explist1   ::= exp .
explist1   ::= explist1 ',' exp .
explist23  ::= exp ',' exp .
explist23  ::= exp ',' exp ',' exp .

%left      'or' .
%left      'and' .
%left      '<' '<=' '>' '>=' '==' '~=' .
%right     '..' .
%left      '+' '-' .
%left      '*' '/' '%' .
%right     'not' '#' .
%right     '^' .

exp        ::= 'nil'|'true'|'false'|NUMBER|STRING|'...' .
exp        ::= function .
exp        ::= prefixexp .
exp        ::= tableconstructor .
exp        ::= 'not'|'#'|'-' exp .         ['not']
exp        ::= exp 'or' exp .
exp        ::= exp 'and' exp .
exp        ::= exp '<'|'<='|'>'|'>='|'=='|'~=' exp .
exp        ::= exp '..' exp .
exp        ::= exp '+'|'-' exp .
exp        ::= exp '*'|'/'|'%' exp .
exp        ::= exp '^' exp .

setlist    ::= var .
setlist    ::= setlist ',' var .

var        ::= NAME .
var        ::= prefixexp '[' exp ']' .
var        ::= prefixexp '.' NAME .

prefixexp  ::= var .
prefixexp  ::= functioncall .
prefixexp  ::= OPEN exp ')' .

functioncall ::= prefixexp args .
functioncall ::= prefixexp ':' NAME args .

args        ::= '(' ')' .
args        ::= '(' explist1 ')' .
args        ::= tableconstructor .
args        ::= STRING .

function    ::= 'function' funcbody .

funcbody    ::= params block 'end' .

params      ::= '(' parlist ')' .

parlist     ::= .
parlist     ::= namelist .
parlist     ::= '...' .
parlist     ::= namelist ',' '...' .

tableconstructor ::= '{' '}' .
tableconstructor ::= '{' fieldlist '}' .
tableconstructor ::= '{' fieldlist ','|';' '}' .

fieldlist   ::= field .
fieldlist   ::= fieldlist ','|';' field .

field       ::= exp .
field       ::= NAME '=' exp .
field       ::= '[' exp ']' '=' exp .

我试图用lemon -c lua51.y编译它，但得到了很多错误：

lua51.y:3: %fallback argument "'" should be a token
lua51.y:3: %fallback argument "(" should be a token
lua51.y:3: %fallback argument "'" should be a token
lua51.y:7: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:12: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:20: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:21: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:22: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:23: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:24: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:25: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:26: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:29: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:30: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:33: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:35: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:36: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:38: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:39: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:40: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:42: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:43: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:44: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:47: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:50: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:50: Token "'" should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:50: Token "NAME" should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:50: Token "." should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:53: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:56: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:57: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:58: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:60: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:60: Can't assign a precedence to "or".
lua51.y:60: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:61: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:61: Can't assign a precedence to "and".
lua51.y:61: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to "<".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to "<".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to "=".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to ">".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to ">".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to "=".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to "=".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to "=".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to "~".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to "=".
lua51.y:62: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:63: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:63: Token "." should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:63: Token "'" should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:63: Token "." should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:64: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:64: Can't assign a precedence to "+".
lua51.y:64: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:64: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:64: Can't assign a precedence to "-".
lua51.y:64: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:65: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:65: Can't assign a precedence to "*".
lua51.y:65: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:65: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:65: Can't assign a precedence to "/".
lua51.y:65: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:65: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:65: Can't assign a precedence to "%".
lua51.y:65: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:66: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:66: Can't assign a precedence to "not".
lua51.y:66: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:66: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:66: Can't assign a precedence to "#".
lua51.y:66: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:67: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:67: Can't assign a precedence to "^".
lua51.y:67: Can't assign a precedence to "'".
lua51.y:69: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:69: Token "." should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:69: Token "." should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:69: Token "'" should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:69: Token "." should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:73: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:73: The precedence symbol must be a terminal.
lua51.y:73: Missing "]" on precedence mark.
lua51.y:73: Token "'" should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:73: Token "]" should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:74: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:75: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:76: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:77: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:77: Token "." should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:77: Token "'" should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:77: Expected to see a ":" following the LHS symbol "exp".
lua51.y:79: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:79: Illegal declaration keyword: "'".
lua51.y:80: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:83: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:86: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:87: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:87: Token "'" should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:87: Token "NAME" should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:87: Token "." should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:91: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:94: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:96: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:97: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:101: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:103: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:105: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:109: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:109: Token "." should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:109: Token "." should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:109: Token "'" should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:109: Token "." should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:110: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:110: Token "." should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:110: Token "." should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:110: Token "'" should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:110: Token "." should be either "%" or a nonterminal name.
lua51.y:112: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:113: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:114: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:117: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:120: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".
lua51.y:121: Illegal character on RHS of rule: "'".

遗漏了什么？

Answer 1

看起来像是我的作品，几年前的作品。它是为我创建但不再维护的lemon的修改版本而设计的，它在Lua中生成了一个解析器。

为了将其与开箱即用的lemon解析器一起使用，您必须用命名标记替换带引号的文字的所有实例。请参阅lemon documentation中的终端和非终端部分。(在您链接的页面中有一条关于这方面的说明。)

与yacc/bison不同，lemon不要求您声明标记名称，因为此类名称必须以大写字母开头。与yacc/bison类似，lemon将生成一个头文件，其中包含这些名称的定义，您可以在您的扫描器实现中对其进行#include。(使用flex为lemon解析器生成扫描程序很容易，但您应该仔细阅读lemon文档；lemon解析器是由扫描程序调用的，而不是调用扫描程序。)

在yacc/bison中，您可以创建这种形式的非终端，但非终端不参与优先级规则；在lemon中，备选列表是一个“多终端”，它不会干扰优先级规则。因此，在yacc/bison中，您必须为每个替代终端使用令牌替代来复制生产。另一种yacc/bison方法是对组中的所有替代项使用单个词法标记，通过它们的语义值来区分它们，语义值可以是enum。