使用pip安装Tensorflow时权限被拒绝

Question

当我尝试用pip install tensorflow安装Tensorflow时，我得到了这样的异常：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 342, in run
    prefix=options.prefix_path,
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_set.py", line 784, in install
    **kwargs
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_install.py", line 851, in install
    self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root, prefix=prefix)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_install.py", line 1064, in move_wheel_files
    isolated=self.isolated,
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/wheel.py", line 345, in move_wheel_files
    clobber(source, lib_dir, True)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/wheel.py", line 323, in clobber
    shutil.copyfile(srcfile, destfile)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 83, in copyfile
    with open(dst, 'wb') as fdst:
IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/protobuf-3.5.2-py2.7-nspkg.pth'

什么意思？如何安装tensorflow包？

当我使用：sudo pip install tensorflow时，我现在得到这个异常：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 342, in run
    prefix=options.prefix_path,
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_set.py", line 778, in install
    requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_install.py", line 754, in uninstall
    paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_uninstall.py", line 115, in remove
    renames(path, new_path)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 267, in renames
    shutil.move(old, new)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 302, in move
    copy2(src, real_dst)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 131, in copy2
    copystat(src, dst)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 103, in copystat
    os.chflags(dst, st.st_flags)
OSError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/var/folders/n6/bfff99yn3nnc46h_gh5tc7fm0000gn/T/pip-TI9hQ_-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/six-1.4.1-py2.7.egg-info'

而不是说拒绝，而是说不允许操作

Answer 1

看起来您的用户没有在您的系统中安装程序包的权限(对于所有用户)。下面是如何在Linux、macOS和Windows上解决这个问题：

Linux / macOS

在您的终端上，您可以仅为您的用户安装该包，如下所示：

pip install tensorflow --user

或

您可以从终端使用su或sudo将软件包作为安装

sudo pip install tensorflow

视窗

在命令提示符下，您可以仅为您的用户安装软件包，如下所示：

pip install tensorflow --user

或

您可以通过以下步骤以管理员的身份安装软件包：

1. 使用Run This Program As An Administrator选项以管理员身份运行命令提示符。
2. 运行命令Run This Program As An Administrator

Answer 2

您应该使用sudo pip运行此命令

Answer 3

显然，这似乎是一个权限问题。

如果您使用的是Ubuntu或Liux操作系统，请尝试使用：

sudo pip install tensorflow

如果您使用的是Windows，则：

以管理员身份运行命令提示符，然后运行pip install tensorflow

为了在将来更好地解决这类问题，请使用Anaconda。