替换多行纯文本

Question

假设您有大量的yaml文件(或任何类似文件)，并且想要为所有具有给定名称的对象添加描述，例如

- name: alan
  age: 8

- name: britney # some comment about britney
  hobbies: ["painting", "CS"]
  age: 21

- name: charles # some comment about charles
                # that spans over multiple lines
  age: 42

我有一个对象列表，这些对象的名称需要一个描述，例如

britney: teamblue
charles: foobar

如何添加带有描述的行以到达以下内容：

- name: alan
  age: 8

- name: britney # some comment about britney
  hobbies: ["painting", "CS"]
  age: 21
  description: teamblue

- name: charles # some comment about charles
                # that spans over multiple lines
  age: 42
  description: foobar

到目前为止，我已经非常接近了，但是我总是不能用多行纯文本替换另一个文本：

s=$(awk "/${name}/" RS= ./*.yml)
r=$(awk "/${name}/" RS= ./*.yml && echo "  description: ${desc}")

我需要以某种方式寻找$s并将其替换为$r，但我无法使其工作。我尝试了以下两个的多个变体：

sed "s/$s/$r/" ./*.yml
perl -i -0pe "s/$s/$r/" ./*.yml

但不知何故，特殊字符(换行符、双引号、...)在yaml中，断开它们，我要么得到像unterminated substitute pattern这样的错误消息，要么输出是相同的，没有匹配到任何内容。

也可能与sed相关，我使用的是macOS。

Answer 1

$ cat tst.awk
NR==FNR {
    sub(/:/,"",$1)
    map[$1] = $2
    next
}
$3 in map {
    $0 = $0 "\n  description: " map[$3]
}
{ print }

。

$ awk -f tst.awk list RS= ORS='\n\n' foo.yaml
- name: alan
  age: 8

- name: britney # some comment about britney
  hobbies: ["painting", "CS"]
  age: 21
  description: teamblue

- name: charles # some comment about charles
                # that spans over multiple lines
  age: 42
  description: foobar

上面使用了以下输入文件：

$ cat list
britney: teamblue
charles: foobar

。

$ cat foo.yaml
- name: alan
  age: 8

- name: britney # some comment about britney
  hobbies: ["painting", "CS"]
  age: 21

- name: charles # some comment about charles
                # that spans over multiple lines
  age: 42

Answer 2

$ awk 'FNR==NR{a[$1]=$2; next} ($3":" in a){sub(/$/,"\n  description: "a[$3":"])}1' list RS= ORS="\n\n" file.yaml

FNR==NR{a[$1]=$2; next}：在读取文件list时，创建一个关联数组a，关键字为$1，值为$2。例如：a[britney:]=teamblue

($3":" in a){sub(/$/,"\n description: "a[$3":"])}1：读取文件file.yaml时，如果$3":"是a中的键，则在打印前将description附加到记录中。

输出

- name: alan
  age: 8

- name: britney # some comment about britney
  hobbies: ["painting", "CS"]
  age: 21
  description: teamblue

- name: charles # some comment about charles
                # that spans over multiple lines
  age: 42
  description: foobar