将awk用于标题

Question

因此，我正在寻找一些帮助我的标题为一个文本文件。

示例数据文件：

$ cat filename.txt
Consoling,ST,DWC,0900
Scribing,RA,DWC,1000
Gloater,AU,DWC,1100
Crimp,DI,DWC,1200
Moving,TI,DWC,1300
Handbook,EN,EBS,0900
Stifling,BA,EBS,1000
Unclothed,CR,EBS,1100
Until,IC,EBS,1200

这是我拥有的awk代码。

sort -t, -k3 -k4 filename.txt |
column -ts, |
awk ' { printf "%-8s %-2s %-3s %-3s\n" , "Family Name", "Initals", "Interviewer Initals", "Interview Time" }
{ printf "%-8s %-2s %-3s %3d\n", $1,$2,$3,$4 }
'

其输出如下所示

Family Name Initals Interviewer Initals Interview Time
Consoling ST DWC 900
Family Name Initals Interviewer Initals Interview Time
Scribing RA DWC 1000
Family Name Initals Interviewer Initals Interview Time
Gloater  AU DWC 1100
Family Name Initals Interviewer Initals Interview Time
Crimp    DI DWC 1200
Family Name Initals Interviewer Initals Interview Time
Moving   TI DWC 1300
Family Name Initals Interviewer Initals Interview Time
Handbook EN EBS 900
Family Name Initals Interviewer Initals Interview Time
Stifling BA EBS 1000
Family Name Initals Interviewer Initals Interview Time
Unclothed CR EBS 1100
Family Name Initals Interviewer Initals Interview Time
Until    IC EBS 1200

但我希望它看起来是这样的。

Family Name Initals Interviewer Initals Interview Time

Consoling   ST      DWC                 0900
Scribing    RA      DWC                 1000
Gloater     AU      DWC                 1100
Crimp       DI      DWC                 1200
Moving      TI      DWC                 1300

Handbook    EN      EBS                 0900
Stifling    BA      EBS                 1000
Unclothed   CR      EBS                 1100
Until       IC      EBS                 1200

有人知道我必须改变什么吗？谢谢

Answer 1

要打印页眉一次，请将特定于页眉的printf命令放入BEGIN块中，例如：

awk '
BEGIN { printf ... header info... }
{ printf ... each data line ... }
'

如果您在处理完文件后想要打印某些内容，可以使用END块。

至于输出的其余部分，我假设您每次看到新的/不同的面试官时都要打印一行。

{ if ( last_interviewer != $3 ) { printf "\n" ; last_interviewr=$3 }
  printf ... each data line 
}

所以，把所有这些放在一起...

数据文件：

$ cat filename.txt
Consoling,ST,DWC,0900
Scribing,RA,DWC,1000
Gloater,AU,DWC,1100
Crimp,DI,DWC,1200
Moving,TI,DWC,1300
Handbook,EN,EBS,0900
Stifling,BA,EBS,1000
Unclothed,CR,EBS,1100
Until,IC,EBS,1200

和我们的awk解决方案：

$ sort -t, -k3 -k4 filename.txt |
column -ts, |
awk '
# print our header line once, before processing the actual data file:
BEGIN { printf "%-11s %-8s %-20s %-14s\n" , "Family Name", "Initials", "Interviewer Initials", "Interview Time" }

# now process our data file:
{ # if interviewer has changed, print an empty line and make note of our new last_interviewer:
  if ( last_interviewer != $3 ) 
     { printf "\n" ; last_interviewer=$3 }

  # print our current data line:
  printf "%-11s %-8s %-20s %04d\n", $1,$2,$3,$4
}'

Family Name Initials Interviewer Initials Interview Time

Consoling   ST       DWC                  0900
Scribing    RA       DWC                  1000
Gloater     AU       DWC                  1100
Crimp       DI       DWC                  1200
Moving      TI       DWC                  1300

Handbook    EN       EBS                  0900
Stifling    BA       EBS                  1000
Unclothed   CR       EBS                  1100
Until       IC       EBS                  1200

注:更新了几个printf格式，以解决更宽的标题，并用零填充第4列。