Windows上的PostgreSQL停靠容器

Question

我一直试图在我的Windows机上运行PostgresSQL Docker容器，并使用以下命令挂载数据卷：

docker run -p 5432:5432 -it --volume c:\Users\me\Desktop\pg\data\:/var/lib/postgresql/data postgres:latest -e POSTGRES_USER=user POSTGRES_PASSWORD=password

然而，当容器试图启动时，我一直收到权限被拒绝错误的列表：

chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_log’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_logical/mappings’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_logical/snapshots’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_logical’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_multixact/members/0000’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_multixact/members’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_multixact/offsets/0000’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_multixact/offsets’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_multixact’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_notify/0000’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_notify’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_replslot’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_serial’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_snapshots’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_stat’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_stat_tmp/db_0.stat’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_stat_tmp/db_16395.stat’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_stat_tmp/global.stat’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_stat_tmp’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_subtrans/0000’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_subtrans’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_tblspc’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_twophase’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/PG_VERSION’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_xlog/00000001000000000000000A’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_xlog/00000001000000000000000B’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_xlog/archive_status’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_xlog’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/postgresql.auto.conf’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/postgresql.conf’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/postmaster.opts’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data/postmaster.pid’: Permission denied
chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/postgresql/data’: Permission denied

有人能指出我做错了什么吗？

提前谢谢。

Answer 1

这是Docker for Windows中的已知限制。从Windows目录到Linux目录的Linux <-> Windows文件系统映射语义并不完美，因为装载是使用CIFS/SMB完成的。其中一个不起作用的事情是chown (更改所有者)，因为它不能映射到您的Windows文件系统。

您可能应该改用命名卷。此论坛帖子有详细信息：https://forums.docker.com/t/data-directory-var-lib-postgresql-data-pgdata-has-wrong-ownership/17963/24?u=friism

Answer 2

我发布了一个相关git问题链接的部分解决方案。通过使用Postgres表空间将数据库对象文件存储在windows主机系统上，可以完成部分解决方法。这不是一个完美的解决方案，因为核心数据目录(由PGDATA表示)仍然驻留在LinuxVM上。但至少您可以在Windows主机上和Linux虚拟机外部管理后续的数据库创建和文件存储。

docker run --rm --name mypostgres
           -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=pwd
           -d -p 5432:5432 
           -v /var/lib/docker/basedata:/var/lib/postgresql/data
           -v d:/data/largedb:/mnt/largedb
           postgres

这会将默认数据存储设置为Linux (/var/lib/docker/basedata)上的一个(永久)目录。它还告诉docker将你的windows D:\data\largedb挂载为对Postgres容器可见的卷/mnt/largedb。( windows目录还不需要存在。)登录postgres，使用psql或其他工具，执行以下DDL：

CREATE TABLESPACE winhoststorage LOCATION '/mnt/largedb';
CREATE DATABASE "my_large_db" WITH TABLESPACE = "winhoststorage";

继续在my_large_db中创建表和数据。把集装箱停下来。在Windows资源管理器中导航到D:\data\largedb，您将看到数据文件。重新启动容器，您将看到前一个会话中的数据。

(注:Win10上的Docker Desktop for Windows (2.2)使用的是DockerDesktopVM，而不是MobyLinux或docker-machine。)

Answer 3

您使用的是docker with hyper-v还是docker-toolbox？因为在我的经验中，我只使用了docker-toolbox (它使用docker-machine)，要使用--volume或-v (是相同的)成功映射卷，您应该将以下命名法用于Win路径：

docker run -p 5432:5432 -it -v /c/Users/me/Desktop/pg/data:/var/lib/postgresql/data postgres:latest -e POSTGRES_USER=user POSTGRES_PASSWORD=password

不确定它能不能帮上忙。也许您的问题是由于映射卷的路径所致。祝好运!