使用wait()发出；

Question

我目前有这个run方法，我希望有3个独立的线程来访问，并等待另一个线程通知。

public void run(){
   try {
      System.out.println(this.name + " waits on the table...");
      /// waits for agent to signal that new ingredients have been passed out
      wait();
   } catch(InterruptedException ex) {
      Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
   }
   System.out.println(this.name + " stops waiting and checks the table...");
   checkTable();
}

目前，这抛出了一个java.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException，可以通过在该方法上使用synchroize来解决。问题是，当我使用synchroize时，第一个线程会等待，另外两个线程不能做任何事情，因为第一个线程在方法上有一个锁。所以我的问题是，如何才能让三个独立的线程可以同时访问这个方法并等待呢？

Answer 1

要使用wait()，您必须使用own the monitor。You acquire the ownership by using synchronize。在你的例子中是synchronize(this)。

但是，要阻止3个线程并从第4个线程释放它们，您可以使用Perception提到的java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier或java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch

下面是一个带有CyclicBarrier的版本：

import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;

public class RendezVous extends Thread {

   private final CyclicBarrier _barrier;

   RendezVous( String name, CyclicBarrier barrier ) {
      super( name );

      _barrier = barrier;
      setDaemon( true );
      start();
   }

   @Override public void run() {
      System.out.println( getName() + " waits for counterparts..." );
      try { _barrier.await(); }
      catch( InterruptedException | BrokenBarrierException x ) {
         x.printStackTrace(); }
      System.out.println( getName() + " has reached its rendez-vous!");
   }

   public static void main( String[] args ) throws InterruptedException {
      CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier( 4 );
      new RendezVous( "Rdvz 1", barrier ); Thread.sleep(  1000L );
      new RendezVous( "Rdvz 2", barrier ); Thread.sleep(  1000L );
      new RendezVous( "Rdvz 3", barrier ); Thread.sleep(  1000L );
      new RendezVous( "Rdvz 4", barrier ); Thread.sleep( 10000L );
   }
}

输出：

Rdvz 1 waits for counterparts...
Rdvz 2 waits for counterparts...
Rdvz 3 waits for counterparts...
Rdvz 4 waits for counterparts...
Rdvz 4 has reached its rendez-vous!
Rdvz 1 has reached its rendez-vous!
Rdvz 2 has reached its rendez-vous!
Rdvz 3 has reached its rendez-vous!

使用CountDownLatch的版本：

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

public class CountDownLatchDemo extends Thread {

   private final CountDownLatch _cdl;

   CountDownLatchDemo( String name, CountDownLatch cdl ) {
      super( name );

      _cdl = cdl;
      setDaemon( true );
      start();
   }

   @Override public void run() {
      System.out.println( getName() + " waits for counterparts..." );
      try {
         _cdl.countDown();
         _cdl.await();
      }
      catch( InterruptedException x ) {
         x.printStackTrace(); }
      System.out.println( getName() + " has reached its rendez-vous!");
   }

   public static void main( String[] args ) throws InterruptedException {
      CountDownLatch cdl = new CountDownLatch( 4 );
      new CountDownLatchDemo( "Rdvz 1", cdl ); Thread.sleep(  1000L );
      new CountDownLatchDemo( "Rdvz 2", cdl ); Thread.sleep(  1000L );
      new CountDownLatchDemo( "Rdvz 3", cdl ); Thread.sleep(  1000L );
      new CountDownLatchDemo( "Rdvz 4", cdl ); Thread.sleep( 10000L );
   }
}

输出：

Rdvz 1 waits for counterparts...
Rdvz 2 waits for counterparts...
Rdvz 3 waits for counterparts...
Rdvz 4 waits for counterparts...
Rdvz 4 has reached its rendez-vous!
Rdvz 1 has reached its rendez-vous!
Rdvz 2 has reached its rendez-vous!
Rdvz 3 has reached its rendez-vous!

Answer 2

当第一个线程等待时，它会释放锁。这样其他线程就可以获得锁。