特征值与PVE (解释百分比方差)

Question

使用prcomp()函数，我估计了解释的百分比方差

prcomp(env, scale=TRUE)

summary(pca)的第二列显示所有PC的以下值：

                        PC1    PC2     PC3     PC4     PC5     PC6     PC7
Standard deviation     7.3712 5.8731 2.04668 1.42385 1.13276 0.79209 0.74043
Proportion of Variance 0.5488 0.3484 0.04231 0.02048 0.01296 0.00634 0.00554
Cumulative Proportion  0.5488 0.8972 0.93956 0.96004 0.97300 0.97933 0.98487

现在我想找出每台PC的特征值是什么：

pca$sdev^2
[1] 5.433409e+01 3.449329e+01 4.188887e+00 2.027337e+00 1.283144e+00
[6] 6.274083e-01 5.482343e-01

但这些值看起来只是PVE本身的替代表示。那么我到底做错了什么呢？

Answer 1

我不确定这是不是你的困惑。

pca$sdev^2 -> eigen values -> variance in each direction
pca$sdev^2/sum(pca$sdev^2) = proportion of variance vector

所以它们是相关的。

编辑：只是一个例子(来说明这种关系)，如果这会有帮助的话。

set.seed(45) # for reproducibility
# set a matrix with each column sampled from a normal distribution
# with same mean but different variances
m <- matrix(c(rnorm(200,2, 10), rnorm(200,2,10), 
               rnorm(200,2,10), rnorm(200,2,10)), ncol=4)
pca <- prcomp(m)

> summary(pca) # note that the variances here equal that of input
# all columns are independent of each other, so each should explain
# equal amount of variance (which is the case here). all are ~ 25%
                           PC1     PC2     PC3    PC4
Standard deviation     10.9431 10.6003 10.1622 9.3200
Proportion of Variance  0.2836  0.2661  0.2446 0.2057
Cumulative Proportion   0.2836  0.5497  0.7943 1.0000

> pca$sdev^2
# [1] 119.75228 112.36574 103.27063  86.86322

> pca$sdev^2/sum(pca$sdev^2)
# [1] 0.2836039 0.2661107 0.2445712 0.2057142