Spring JDBC RowMapper用于急切获取

Question

这个问题是关于RowMapper在主/详细场景中的最佳实践用法，在这种场景中，我们想要急切地使用spring jdbc来获取细节。

假设我们同时拥有Invoice和InvoiceLine类。

public class Invoice{
    private BigDecimal invId;
    private Date invDate;
    private List<InvoiceLine> lines;
}
public class InvoiceLine{
    private int order;
    private BigDecimal price;
    private BigDecimal quantity;
}

当使用带有行映射器的Spring Jdbc时，我们通常有一个

public class InvoiceMapper implements RowMapper<Invoice>{
    public Invoice mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
         Invoice invoice = new Invoice();
         invoice.setInvId(rs.getBigDecimal("INVID"));
         invoice.setInvDate(rs.getDate("INVDATE"));
         return invoice;
    }
}

现在的问题是，我想急切地获取与此发票实例相关的InvoiceLine。如果我在rowmapper类中查询数据库，可以吗？或者有谁更喜欢别的方式？我使用了下面的模式，但对此并不满意。

public class InvoiceMapper implements RowMapper<Invoice>{
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    private static final String SQLINVLINE=
            "SELECT * FROM INVOICELINES WHERE INVID = ?";

    public Invoice mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
         Invoice invoice = new Invoice();
         invoice.setInvId(rs.getBigDecimal("INVID"));
         invoice.setInvDate(rs.getDate("INVDATE"));
         invoice.setLines(jdbcTemplate.query(SQLINVLINE, 
                          new Object[]{invoice.getInvId},new InvLineMapper());

         return invoice;
    }
}

我感觉到这种方法有问题，但不能得到更好的方法。如果有人能告诉我为什么这是一个糟糕的设计，如果是这样，正确的用法是什么，我会非常高兴。

Answer 1

ResultSetExtractor是实现这一点的更好的选择。执行一个连接两个表的查询，然后迭代结果集。您将需要一些逻辑来聚合属于同一发票的多个行-通过按发票id排序并检查id何时更改，或者使用如下示例中所示的映射。

jdbcTemplate.query("SELECT * FROM INVOICE inv JOIN INVOICE_LINE line " +
   + " on inv.id = line.invoice_id", new ResultSetExtractor<List<Invoice>>() {

    public List<Invoice> extractData(ResultSet rs) {
        Map<Integer,Invoice> invoices = new HashMap<Integer,Invoice>();
        while(rs.hasNext()) {
            rs.next();
            Integer invoiceId = rs.getInt("inv.id");
            Invoice invoice = invoces.get(invoiceId);
            if (invoice == null) {
               invoice = invoiceRowMapper.mapRow(rs);
               invoices.put(invoiceId,invoice);
            }
            InvoiceItem item = invLineMapper.mapRow(rs);
            invoice.addItem(item);  
        }
        return invoices.values();
    }


});

Answer 2

被接受的基于ResultSetExtractor的解决方案可以变得更加模块化和可重用:在我的应用程序中，我创建了一个CollectingRowMapper接口和一个抽象实现。请看下面的代码，它包含Javadoc注释。

CollectingRowMapper接口：

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;

/**
 * A RowMapper that collects data from more than one row to generate one result object.
 * This means that, unlike normal RowMapper, a CollectingRowMapper will call
 * <code>next()</code> on the given ResultSet until it finds a row that is not related
 * to previous ones.  Rows <b>must be sorted</b> so that related rows are adjacent.
 * Tipically the T object will contain some single-value property (an id common
 * to all collected rows) and a Collection property.
 * <p/>
 * NOTE. Implementations will be stateful (to save the result of the last call
 * to <code>ResultSet.next()</code>), so <b>they cannot have singleton scope</b>.
 * 
 * @see AbstractCollectingRowMapper
 * 
 * @author Pino Navato
 **/
public interface CollectingRowMapper<T> extends RowMapper<T> {
    /**
     * Returns the same result of the last call to <code>ResultSet.next()</code> made by <code>RowMapper.mapRow(ResultSet, int)</code>.
     * If <code>next()</code> has not been called yet, the result is meaningless.
     **/
    public boolean hasNext();
}

抽象实现类：

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

/**
 * Basic implementation of {@link CollectingRowMapper}.
 * 
 * @author Pino Navato
 **/
public abstract class AbstractCollectingRowMapper<T> implements CollectingRowMapper<T> {

    private boolean lastNextResult;

    @Override
    public T mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
        T result = mapRow(rs, null, rowNum);
        while (nextRow(rs) && isRelated(rs, result)) {
            result = mapRow(rs, result, ++rowNum);
        }           
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Collects the current row into the given partial result.
     * On the first call partialResult will be null, so this method must create
     * an instance of T and map the row on it, on subsequent calls this method updates
     * the previous partial result with data from the new row.
     * 
     * @return The newly created (on the first call) or modified (on subsequent calls) partialResult.
     **/
    protected abstract T mapRow(ResultSet rs, T partialResult, int rowNum) throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Analyzes the current row to decide if it is related to previous ones.
     * Tipically it will compare some id on the current row with the one stored in the partialResult.
     **/
    protected abstract boolean isRelated(ResultSet rs, T partialResult) throws SQLException;

    @Override
    public boolean hasNext() {
        return lastNextResult;
    }

    protected boolean nextRow(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
        lastNextResult = rs.next();
        return lastNextResult;
    }
}

ResultSetExtractor实现：

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.ResultSetExtractor;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;


/**
 * A ResultSetExtractor that uses a CollectingRowMapper.
 * This class has been derived from the source code of Spring's RowMapperResultSetExtractor.
 * 
 * @author Pino Navato
 **/
public class CollectingRowMapperResultSetExtractor<T> implements ResultSetExtractor<List<T>> {
    private final CollectingRowMapper<T> rowMapper;
    private final int rowsExpected;

    /**
     * Create a new CollectingRowMapperResultSetExtractor.
     * @param rowMapper the RowMapper which creates an object for each row
     **/
    public CollectingRowMapperResultSetExtractor(CollectingRowMapper<T> rowMapper) {
        this(rowMapper, 0);
    }

    /**
     * Create a new CollectingRowMapperResultSetExtractor.
     * @param rowMapper the RowMapper which creates an object for each row
     * @param rowsExpected the number of expected rows (just used for optimized collection handling)
     **/
    public CollectingRowMapperResultSetExtractor(CollectingRowMapper<T> rowMapper, int rowsExpected) {
        Assert.notNull(rowMapper, "RowMapper is required");
        this.rowMapper = rowMapper;
        this.rowsExpected = rowsExpected;
    }


    @Override
    public List<T> extractData(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
        List<T> results = (rowsExpected > 0 ? new ArrayList<>(rowsExpected) : new ArrayList<>());
        int rowNum = 0;
        if (rs.next()) {
            do {
                results.add(rowMapper.mapRow(rs, rowNum++));
            } while (rowMapper.hasNext());
        }
        return results;
    }

}

上面的所有代码都可以作为库重用。您只需创建AbstractCollectingRowMapper的子类并实现两个抽象方法。

使用示例：

假设查询如下：

SELECT * FROM INVOICE inv 
         JOIN INVOICELINES lines
      on inv.INVID = lines.INVOICE_ID
order by inv.INVID

您可以只为两个连接表编写一个映射器：

public class InvoiceRowMapper extends AbstractCollectingRowMapper<Invoice> {

    @Override
    protected Invoice mapRow(ResultSet rs, Invoice partialResult, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
        if (partialResult == null) {
            partialResult = new Invoice();
            partialResult.setInvId(rs.getBigDecimal("INVID"));
            partialResult.setInvDate(rs.getDate("INVDATE"));
            partialResult.setLines(new ArrayList<>());
        }

        InvoiceLine line = new InvoiceLine();
        line.setOrder(rs.getInt("ORDER"));
        line.setPrice(rs.getBigDecimal("PRICE"));
        line.setQuantity(rs.getBigDecimal("QUANTITY"));
        partialResult.getLines().add(line);

        return partialResult;
    }


    /** Returns true if the current record has the same invoice ID of the previous ones. **/
    @Override
    protected boolean isRelated(ResultSet rs, Invoice partialResult) throws SQLException {
        return partialResult.getInvId().equals(rs.getBigDecimal("INVID"));
    }

}

最后注意:我主要在Spring Batch中使用CollectingRowMapper和AbstractCollectingRowMapper，在JdbcCursorItemReader的自定义子类中:我用another answer描述了这个解决方案。使用Spring Batch，您可以在获得下一个相关行之前处理每组相关行，因此可以避免加载整个查询结果，这可能会很大。

Answer 3

您在这里重新创建的是1 + n问题。

要解决这个问题，您需要使用将外部查询更改为连接，然后手工创建一个循环来将平面连接结果集解析到Invoice 1 -> * InvLine中

List<Invoice> results = new ArrayList<>();
jdbcTemplate.query("SELECT * FROM INVOICE inv JOIN INVOICE_LINE line on inv.id = line.invoice_id", null, 
    new RowCallbackHandler() {
    private Invoice current = null;
    private InvoiceMapper invoiceMapper ;
    private InvLineMapper lineMapper ;

    public void processRow(ResultSet rs) {
        if ( current == null || rs.getInt("inv.id") != current.getId() ){
            current = invoiceMapper.mapRow(rs, 0); // assumes rownum not important
            results.add(current);
        }
        current.addInvoiceLine( lineMapper.mapRow(rs, 0) );
    }
}

很明显我还没有编译这个...希望你能明白这一点。还有另一种选择，使用hibernate或任何JPA实现，他们可以做这种开箱即用的事情，并将为您节省大量时间。

更正:真的应该像@gkamal在他的答案中使用的那样使用ResultSetExtractor，但总体逻辑仍然成立。