如何链接到cppunit？

Question

我想我漏掉了一些非常愚蠢的东西。

我安装了libcppunit：(我使用的是Ubuntu 12.04)

$ apt-cache policy libcppunit-dev 
libcppunit-dev:
  Installed: 1.12.1-4
  Candidate: 1.12.1-4
  Version table:
 *** 1.12.1-4 0
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

$ apt-cache policy libcppunit-1.12-1 
libcppunit-1.12-1:
  Installed: 1.12.1-4
  Candidate: 1.12.1-4
  Version table:
 *** 1.12.1-4 0
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

我有一个简单的测试：

#include <iostream>

#include <cppunit/ui/text/TestRunner.h>
#include <cppunit/CompilerOutputter.h>
#include <cppunit/TestFixture.h>
#include <cppunit/extensions/HelperMacros.h>

int main() {
    CppUnit::Test* suite = CppUnit::TestFactoryRegistry::getRegistry().makeTest();

    CppUnit::TextUi::TestRunner runner;
    runner.addTest(suite);
    runner.setOutputter(new CppUnit::CompilerOutputter(&runner.result(), std::cerr));

    return runner.run() ? 0 : 1;
}

这是编译器的输出：

$ g++ -lcppunit -o test.bin test.cpp 
/tmp/ccoQDuGC.o: In function `main':
test.cpp:(.text+0x36): undefined reference to `CppUnit::TestFactoryRegistry::getRegistry(std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)'
test.cpp:(.text+0x75): undefined reference to `CppUnit::TextTestRunner::TextTestRunner(CppUnit::Outputter*)'
test.cpp:(.text+0x8b): undefined reference to `CppUnit::TestRunner::addTest(CppUnit::Test*)'
test.cpp:(.text+0x9a): undefined reference to `CppUnit::TextTestRunner::result() const'
test.cpp:(.text+0xe2): undefined reference to `CppUnit::CompilerOutputter::CompilerOutputter(CppUnit::TestResultCollector*, std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)'
test.cpp:(.text+0xf4): undefined reference to `CppUnit::TextTestRunner::setOutputter(CppUnit::Outputter*)'
test.cpp:(.text+0x150): undefined reference to `CppUnit::TextTestRunner::run(std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, bool, bool, bool)'
test.cpp:(.text+0x189): undefined reference to `CppUnit::TextTestRunner::~TextTestRunner()'
test.cpp:(.text+0x227): undefined reference to `CppUnit::TextTestRunner::~TextTestRunner()'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

为了确保这些库确实存在于/usr/lib下

$ ls /usr/lib/ | grep cppunit
libcppunit-1.12.so.1
libcppunit-1.12.so.1.0.0
libcppunit.a
libcppunit.la
libcppunit.so

我遗漏了什么导致这种情况的原因？

Answer 1

在告诉编译器要编译哪些文件之后，您必须告诉编译器要链接到哪些库。

g++ test.cpp -lcppunit -o test.bin 

Answer 2

我遇到了同样的问题(使用Ubuntu 11.04)

这似乎是Ubuntu中的bug。你的变通方法"-Wl，--no- as -needed“适用于我，在链接的bug报告中也提到了一个变通方法。我还没有深入研究，找出真正的原因。

Answer 3

我猜根本原因是cppunit文档教程文件"money_example.html“建议在Makefile.am中添加一行代码。

MoneyApp_LDFLAGS = $(CPPUNIT_LIBS) -ldl

而不是正确的

MoneyApp_LDADD = $(CPPUNIT_LIBS) -ldl

或者更正确的是

MoneyApp_LDADD = $(CPPUNIT_LIBS)

因为不管怎样，CPPUNIT_LIBS都引入了-ldl。LDFLAGS在链接器可执行文件名称后面添加标志，LDADD在末尾添加标志，从而消除了原始post中的错误。