如何启动dovecot？

Question

我正在构建一个web服务器来托管多个网站。我把所有东西都弄好了，除了邮件服务器。我正在使用linode来托管我的vp，并且我一直在遵循他们的教程。仅供参考，我使用的是Ubuntu 11.10。

这是我一直关注的链接，http://library.linode.com/email/postfix/dovecot-mysql-ubuntu-10.04-lucid。我得到了它告诉我重启dovecot的部分，所以我尝试了"service dovecot restart“。但随后我得到了这个“重新启动:未知实例：”。我是以root用户身份登录的，所以我没有使用sudo。

由于这不起作用，我尝试了"/etc/init.d/dovecot restart“，得到的结果是"dovecot start/running，process 4760”。所以我尝试"/etc/init.d/dovecot status“，得到的结果是"dovecot stop/waiting”。

所以我尝试了"service dovecot start“，得到的结果是"dovecot start/running，process 4781”。所以我试着获取状态，所以我厌倦了"service dovecot status“而得到了"dovecot stop/waiting”

然后我尝试了"/etc/init.d/dovecot start“，得到的结果是"dovecot start/running，process 4794”。所以我尝试获取状态，所以我尝试了"/etc/init.d/dovecot status“，并得到了"dovecot stop/waiting”

为了好玩，我试着杀死进程，我使用了当我做"service dovecot start“时得到的PID，这是命令"kill -9 4444”，我得到这个"bash: kill：(4805) -没有这样的进程“

我做错了什么吗？

--编辑1--

以下是/var/log/syslog中包含dovecot的日志

dovecot: master: Dovecot v2.0.13 starting up (core dumps disabled)
dovecot: ssl-params: Generating SSL parameters
dovecot: ssl-params: SSL parameters regeneration completed
dovecot: master: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=1 uid=0 code=kill)
dovecot: config: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=1 uid=0 code=kill)
dovecot: anvil: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=1 uid=0 code=kill)
dovecot: log: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=1 uid=0 code=kill)
kernel: init: dovecot main process (10276) terminated with status 89
kernel: init: dovecot main process (10289) terminated with status 89
kernel: init: dovecot main process (10452) terminated with status 89
kernel: init: dovecot main process (2275) terminated with status 89
kernel: init: dovecot main process (3028) terminated with status 89
kernel: init: dovecot main process (3216) terminated with status 89
kernel: init: dovecot main process (3230) terminated with status 89
kernel: init: dovecot main process (3254) terminated with status 89
kernel: init: dovecot main process (3813) terminated with status 89
kernel: init: dovecot main process (3845) terminated with status 89
kernel: init: dovecot main process (4664) terminated with status 89
kernel: init: dovecot main process (4760) terminated with status 89
kernel: init: dovecot main process (4781) terminated with status 89
kernel: init: dovecot main process (4794) terminated with status 89
kernel: init: dovecot main process (4805) terminated with status 89

--编辑2 (/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf)--

以下是dovecot.conf文件

protocols = imap imaps pop3 pop3s
log_timestamp = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S "
mail_location = maildir:/home/vmail/%d/%n/Maildir

ssl_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/dovecot.pem
ssl_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/dovecot.pem

namespace private {
    separator = .
    prefix = INBOX.
    inbox = yes
}

protocol lda {
    log_path = /home/vmail/dovecot-deliver.log
    auth_socket_path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-master
    postmaster_address = postmaster@[mydomainname.com]
    mail_plugins = sieve
    global_script_path = /home/vmail/globalsieverc
}

protocol pop3 {
    pop3_uidl_format = %08Xu%08Xv
}

auth default {
    user = root

    passdb sql {
        args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf
    }

    userdb static {
        args = uid=5000 gid=5000 home=/home/vmail/%d/%n allow_all_users=yes
    }

    socket listen {
        master {
            path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-master
            mode = 0600
            user = vmail
        }

        client {
            path = /var/spool/postfix/private/auth
            mode = 0660
            user = postfix
            group = postfix
        }
    }
}

--编辑3 (/var/log/mail.log) --

以下是/var/log/mail.log中的内容

dovecot: master: Dovecot v2.0.13 starting up (core dumps disabled)
dovecot: ssl-params: Generating SSL parameters
postfix/master[9917]: daemon started -- version 2.8.5, configuration /etc/postfix
dovecot: ssl-params: SSL parameters regeneration completed
postfix/master[9917]: terminating on signal 15
postfix/master[10196]: daemon started -- version 2.8.5, configuration /etc/postfix
dovecot: master: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=1 uid=0 code=kill)
dovecot: config: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=1 uid=0 code=kill)
dovecot: anvil: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=1 uid=0 code=kill)
dovecot: log: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=1 uid=0 code=kill)
postfix/master[2435]: daemon started -- version 2.8.5, configuration /etc/postfix
postfix/master[2435]: terminating on signal 15
postfix/master[2965]: daemon started -- version 2.8.5, configuration /etc/postfix

Answer 1

这意味着它会启动，尝试解析配置，但失败了。在/var/log中查找累积dovecot日志记录的日志，以确定问题所在。它是什么日志，将取决于您正在使用的Linux发行版。

-编辑--

状态89表示配置中存在与解析器相关的错误。请先看看您是否已终止所有{}个花括号。这将是我的第一个预感。

Answer 2

作为一般提示，尝试直接在前台运行dovecot：

dovecot -F

原因是前台通常会将加载错误消息直接输出到控制台，这通常会让您快速跟踪通常不会记录的错误(如配置解析错误)。

Answer 3

本教程从2010年5月9日开始。

看看你看到的dovecots变化日志...

v1.2.6 2009-10-05该日期之前的最后一个dovecot版本

v2.0.rc1 2010-07-02该日期之后的下一个dovecot版本

因此，本教程可能会使用1.x配置，而现在我们将使用dovecot2.x。

现在我找到了这个http://wiki2.dovecot.org/Upgrading/2.0

在其他一些信息旁边，它提供了一种将配置从1.2转换到2.0的方法。

下面是关于升级http://wiki2.dovecot.org/Upgrading的更多信息

我还没有解决方案。

编辑：(解决方案)

首先，您还需要安装：

apt-get install dovecot-sieve  
apt-get install dovecot-managesieved  
apt-get install dovecot-mysql

如果您愿意，请阅读有关升级旧的1.x配置http://wiki2.dovecot.org/Upgrading的提示

我的dovecot.conf：

log_timestamp = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S "
mail_location = maildir:/home/vmail/%d/%n/Maildir
namespace {
  inbox = yes
  location = 
  prefix = INBOX.
  separator = .
  type = private
}
passdb {
  args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
  driver = sql
}
protocols = imap pop3
service auth {
  unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
    group = postfix
    mode = 0660
    user = postfix
  }
  unix_listener auth-master {
    mode = 0600
    user = vmail
  }
  user = root
}
ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/certs/dovecot.pem
ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/dovecot.pem
#userdb {
#  args = uid=5000 gid=5000 home=/home/vmail/%d/%n allow_all_users=yes
#  driver = static
#}
userdb {
  args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
  driver = sql
}
protocol lda {
  auth_socket_path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-master
  log_path = /home/vmail/dovecot-deliver.log
  mail_plugins = sieve
  postmaster_address = postmaster@example.com
  plugin {
    sieve_global_path = /var/vmail/globalsieverc
    # The include extension fetches the :personal scripts from this 
    # directory. When ManageSieve is used, this is also where scripts 
    # are uploaded.

    sieve_dir = ~/sieve

    # The location of the user's active script:

    sieve = ~/.dovecot.sieve

    # Directory for :global include scripts (for v1.1 include extension)

    sieve_global_dir = /var/vmail/sieve

    sieve_maxscriptsize = 128
  }
}
protocol pop3 {
  pop3_uidl_format = %08Xu%08Xv
}

我的dovecot-db.conf.ext

driver = mysql
connect = host=127.0.0.1 dbname=mail user=mail_admin password=your_password
default_pass_scheme = PLAIN-MD5
#password_query = SELECT email as user, password FROM users WHERE email='%u';
#user_query = SELECT email as user, password, 5000 as uid, 5000 as gid, '/var/vmail/%d/%n' as home FROM view_users WHERE email='%u';
password_query = SELECT email AS user, password, 5000 AS userdb_uid, 5000 AS userdb_gid, '/var/vmail/%d/%n' AS userdb_home FROM users WHERE email = '%u';
user_query = SELECT email AS user, password, 5000 AS uid, 5000 AS gid, '/var/vmail/%d/%n' AS home FROM users WHERE email = '%u';

还要编辑您的/etc/postfix/master.cf，使其包含smtps (在465上使用SSL/TLS的smtp)。我必须激活它才能从家里访问smtp，因为我的isp阻止了端口25 (这是很常见的)。另外，我更喜欢具有传输层安全性的smtp。

smtps     inet  n       -       -       -       -       smtpd

并运行service postfix restart

来源：

我已经通过谷歌收集了所有关于这个问题的信息，我不知道我在哪里，但最后一个问题

2013-01-03 16:43:27 lda: Error: userdb lookup(info@example.com): Disconnected unexpectedly
2013-01-03 16:43:27 lda: Fatal: Internal error occurred. Refer to server log for more information.

我解决了阅读http://workaround.org/ispmail/lenny/configure-dovecot的一些问题

基本上，我发现当你搜索你在这里得到的任何错误输出时，你会得到很好的结果：

/home/vmail/dovecot-deliver.log
/var/log/mail.log
/var/log/mail.err
/var/log/syslog