blocks|key|2727591|text|在寻找了一些解决方案后，发现需要-dev包，而不仅仅是ruby1.8。所以如果你让ruby1.9.1做|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|2727592|sudo+apt-get+install+ruby1.9.1-dev|code-block|syntax|javascript|2727593|或者要安装通用ruby版本，请使用(根据@lamplightdev注释)：|2727594|sudo+apt-get+install+ruby-dev|2727595|应该能修好它。|2727596|尝试使用locate+mkmf查看该文件是否确实存在。|2727597|entityMap^0|G|4|R|7|15|9|0|0|0|0|0|4|B|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]|$9|X|A|Y|B|C]|$9|Z|A|10|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|11|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|12|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|13|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|14|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|15|8|@$9|16|A|17|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|18|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|T|$]]

After some search for a solution it turns out the <code>-dev</code> package is needed, not just <code>ruby1.8</code>. So if you have <code>ruby1.9.1</code> doing

<pre><code>sudo apt-get install ruby1.9.1-dev
</code></pre>

or to install generic ruby version, use (as per @lamplightdev comment):

<pre><code>sudo apt-get install ruby-dev
</code></pre>

should fix it.

Try <code>locate mkmf</code> to see if the file is actually there.

blocks|key|593963|text|这就是对我有效的答案。在上面的评论中，但作为ubuntu+12.04+ruby+1.8.7的答案，它理所当然地占有一席之地|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|593964|sudo+apt-get+install+ruby-dev
#+if+above+doesnt+work+make+sure+you+have+build+essential
sudo+apt-get+install+build-essential|code-block|syntax|javascript|593965|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

This is the answer that worked for me. Was in the comments above, but deserves its rightful place as answer for ubuntu 12.04 ruby 1.8.7

<pre><code>sudo apt-get install ruby-dev
# if above doesnt work make sure you have build essential
sudo apt-get install build-essential
</code></pre>

blocks|key|593969|text|我还需要安装build-essential：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|593970|sudo+apt-get+install+build-essential|code-block|syntax|javascript|593971|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

I also needed build-essential installed:

<pre><code>sudo apt-get install build-essential
</code></pre>

blocks|key|593984|text|这个问题在Ubuntu+13/04/13.10/14.04上仍然是递归的|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|593985|和|593986|sudo+apt-get+install+ruby1.9.1-dev|code-block|syntax|javascript|593987|对我来说没问题。因此，如果你使用的是Ubuntu+13.04/13.10/14.04，那么使用它将会非常方便。|593988|即使ruby版本是1.9.3，这也是可行的。这是因为在Repository中没有可用的ruby1.9.3-dev+...|593989|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$]]

The problem is still is recursive on Ubuntu 13/04/13.10/14.04 

and 

<pre><code>sudo apt-get install ruby1.9.1-dev
</code></pre>

worked out for me okay. So If you are using Ubuntu 13.04/13.10/14.04 then using this will really come in handy. 

This works even if ruby version is 1.9.3. This is because there is no ruby1.9.3-dev available in the Repository...

blocks|key|2727551|text|您是否尝试过：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2727552|sudo+apt-get+install+ruby1.8-dev|code-block|syntax|javascript|2727553|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Have you tried:

<pre><code>sudo apt-get install ruby1.8-dev
</code></pre>

blocks|key|4342679|text|我在安装捆绑包时遇到了类似的错误|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4342680|sudo+apt-get+install+ruby-dev|code-block|syntax|javascript|4342681|对我来说效果很好，解决了Mint16+ruby1.9.3的问题|4342682|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

I got the similar error when install bundle

<pre><code>sudo apt-get install ruby-dev
</code></pre>

Works great for me and solve the problem
Mint 16 ruby1.9.3

blocks|key|2727764|text|我觉得有点晚了，但是|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2727765|sudo+yum+install+-y+gcc+ruby-devel+libxml2+libxml2-devel+libxslt+libxslt-devel|code-block|syntax|javascript|2727766|给我戴软呢帽很管用。|2727767|http://nokogiri.org/tutorials/installing_nokogiri.html|offset|length|2727768|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url^0|0|0|0|0|1I|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@$K|X|L|Y|1|Z]]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|A|$S|J]]]]

I think is a little late but 

<pre><code>sudo yum install -y gcc ruby-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel
</code></pre>

worked for me on fedora.

<a href="http://nokogiri.org/tutorials/installing_nokogiri.html" rel="nofollow">http://nokogiri.org/tutorials/installing_nokogiri.html</a>

blocks|key|4342715|text|你已经安装了Ruby+1.8，所以你至少需要升级到1.9才能让它正常工作。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4342716|如果是，则检查How+to+install+a+specific+version+of+a+ruby+gem?|offset|length|4342717|如果这不起作用，那么重新安装ruby-dev。|style|CODE|4342718|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17026441/how-to-install-a-specific-version-of-a-ruby-gem/24159788#24159788^0|0|7|1C|0|0|E|8|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@$D|T|E|U|1|V]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|W|8|@$D|X|E|Y|H|I]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|K|$L|$5|M|N|O|A|$P|Q]]]]

You've Ruby 1.8 so you need to upgrade to at least 1.9 to make it working.

If so, then check <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17026441/how-to-install-a-specific-version-of-a-ruby-gem/24159788#24159788">How to install a specific version of a ruby gem?</a>

If this won't help, then reinstalling <code>ruby-dev</code> again.

blocks|key|593932|text|您可以使用RVM(Ruby版本管理器)，它可以帮助您管理机器上所有版本的ruby，这对您的开发非常有帮助(当从不稳定版本迁移到稳定版本时)|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|593933|或者对于Linux+(ubuntu)，选择sudo+apt-get+install+ruby1.8-dev。|offset|length|style|CODE|593934|然后sudo+gem+install+rails以验证它，执行rails+-v，它将显示rails上的版本|593935|之后，您可以安装包(开发所需的gem)|593936|entityMap^0|0|L|W|0|2|M|V|8|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|O|8|@$D|P|E|Q|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|R|8|@$D|S|E|T|F|G]|$D|U|E|V|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|M|$]]

You can use RVM(Ruby version manager) which helps in managing all versions of ruby on your machine , which is very helpful for you development (when migrating to unstable release to stable release )

or for Linux (ubuntu) go for
<code>sudo apt-get install ruby1.8-dev</code>

then <code>sudo gem install rails</code> to verify it do <code>rails -v</code> it will show version on rails

after that you can install bundles (required gems for development)

blocks|key|4342775|text|Ruby版本:+2.7.1+gem版本:+3.1.3|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4342776|您需要检查无法安装的扩展，并查找原因。|4342777|阅读下的安装错误中显示的mkmf.log+文件“要查看此扩展无法编译的原因，请检查可以在此处找到的mkmf.log”，可能缺少库(有时是iconv+)，您必须安装它。|offset|length|style|BOLD|4342778|你可以用你的包管理器(apt，yum，pacman...)搜索扩展。也是。|4342779|(个人案例)+Arch+Linux->nokogiri|4342780|gem+install+rails|code-block|syntax|javascript|4342781|向我展示了：|4342782|要了解此扩展无法编译的原因，请检查位于以下位置的mkmf.log+:+/home/user/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.7.0/nokogiri-1.10.9/mkmf.log|4342783|4342784|访问：https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/ruby-nokogiri/|4342785|请确保您具有所有依赖项，并确保您已使用installed|4342786|git+clone+package|unordered-list-item|CODE|4342787|
|4342788|cd+to+package|4342789|4342790|makepkg+|4342791|+make+|ordered-list-item|4342792|4342793|4342794|希望能帮上忙！|4342795|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/ruby-nokogiri/^0|0|0|2|J|0|0|0|0|0|2K|8|0|0|3|1D|0|0|0|0|9|0|0|0|2|0|0|0|7|0|1|4|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|1S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|1T|8|@$F|1U|G|1V|H|I]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|1W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|6|7|1X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|N|3|O|5|P|7|1Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$Q|R]]|$1|S|3|T|5|6|7|1Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|U|3|V|5|6|7|20|8|@$F|21|G|22|H|I]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|W|3|-4|5|6|7|23|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|X|3|Y|5|6|7|24|8|@]|9|@$F|25|G|26|1|27]]|A|$]]|$1|Z|3|10|5|6|7|28|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|11|3|12|5|13|7|29|8|@$F|2A|G|2B|H|14]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|15|3|16|5|6|7|2C|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|17|3|18|5|13|7|2D|8|@$F|2E|G|2F|H|14]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|19|3|16|5|6|7|2G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1A|3|1B|5|13|7|2H|8|@$F|2I|G|2J|H|14]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1C|3|1D|5|1E|7|2K|8|@$F|2L|G|2M|H|14]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1F|3|-4|5|6|7|2N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1G|3|-4|5|6|7|2O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1H|3|1I|5|6|7|2P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1J|3|-4|5|6|7|2Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|1K|$1L|$5|1M|1N|1O|A|$1P|1Q]]]]

Ruby version: 2.7.1
gem version: 3.1.3

You need to check the extension that could not be installed, and find the reasons.

Read the mkmf.log file showed at the installation error under "To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here" , perhaps there is a missing lib ( sometimes iconv ), and you must install it.

You can search the extension with your package manager(apt, yum, pacman...) too.

<h2>(Personal case) Arch Linux->nokogiri</h2>

<pre><code>gem install rails
</code></pre>

Showed me:

<blockquote>
 To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log
 which can be found here:
 /home/user/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.7.0/nokogiri-1.10.9/mkmf.log
</blockquote>

Go to: <a href="https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/ruby-nokogiri/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/ruby-nokogiri/</a>

<ol>
<li>Make sure you have all dependencies installed</li>
<li>Make sure you have <code>make</code> installed</li>
<li><code>git clone</code> the package</li>
<li><code>cd</code> to package</li>
<li><code>makepkg</code> the package</li>
</ol>

Hope to help!

I was trying to install rails on Ubuntu Natty Narwhal 11.04, using ruby1.9.1.

I installed ruby using <code>apt-get install ruby1.9.1-full</code> which contains the dev package. I googled the error and all have suggested I install the 1.9.1-dev which I already have.

<pre><code>Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing rails:
 ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

 /usr/bin/ruby1.8 extconf.rb
extconf.rb:36:in `require': no such file to load -- mkmf (LoadError)
 from extconf.rb:36


Gem files will remain installed in /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1/ext/mri/gem_make.out
</code></pre>

`require': no such file to load -- mkmf (LoadError)

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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我试图使用ruby1.9.1在Ubuntu Natty Narwhal11.04上安装rails。我使用包含开发包的apt-get install ruby1.9.1-full安装了ruby。我在谷歌上搜索了这个错误，所有人都建议我安装我已经有的1.9.1-dev。Building native extensions.  This could take a while...ERROR:  Erro

问‘`require'：没有要加载的文件-- mkmf (LoadError)
EN

回答 10

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问‘`require'：没有要加载的文件-- mkmf (LoadError)
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