Python，Django，教程，测试详细信息视图，错误

Question

我正在阅读Django教程，并且在教程5>“测试详细视图”中遇到了错误。

当我运行时：

python manage.py test polls

在终端中，我收到了这样的消息：

Creating test database for alias 'default'...
.F.......
======================================================================
FAIL: test_detail_view_with_a_past_question (polls.tests.QuestionIndexDetailTests)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/theoford/Documents/python/04_django_intro/mysite/polls/tests.py", line 115, in test_detail_view_with_a_past_question
    status_code=200)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/test/testcases.py", line 398, in assertContains
    msg_prefix + "Couldn't find %s in response" % text_repr)
AssertionError: Couldn't find 'Past Question.' in response

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 9 tests in 0.030s

FAILED (failures=1)
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

这是我在tests.py中拥有的与“使用过去的问题测试详细视图”相关的代码(这是后面的函数)。

class QuestionIndexDetailTests(TestCase):
    def test_detail_view_with_a_future_question(self):
        """
        The detail view of a question with a pub_date in the future should
        return a 404 not found.
        """
        future_question = create_question(question_text='Future question.',
                                          days=5)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:detail',
                                   args=(future_question.id,)))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)

    def test_detail_view_with_a_past_question(self):
        """
        The detail view of a question with a pub_date in the past should
        display the question's text.
        """
        past_question = create_question(question_text='Past Question.',
                                        days=-5)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:detail',
                                   args=(past_question.id,)))
        self.assertContains(response, past_question.question_text,
                            status_code=200)

我是Stackoverflow社区的新手，所以如果这个问题的格式不正确、不完整或不合适，我深表歉意，但任何对解决此问题的帮助都将不胜感激。

views.py：

from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect, HttpResponse
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.views import generic
from django.utils import timezone 

from .models import Choice, Question


class IndexView(generic.ListView):
    template_name = 'polls/index.html'
    context_object_name = 'latest_question_list'

    def get_queryset(self):
        """Return the last five published questions (not including those published in the future)."""
        return Question.objects.filter(pub_date__lte=timezone.now()).order_by('-pub_date')[:5]

class DetailView(generic.DetailView):
    model = Question 
    template_name = 'polls/detail.html'

    def get_queryset(self):
        """
        Excludes any questions that aren't published yet.
        """
        return Question.objects.filter(pub_date__lte=timezone.now())

class ResultsView(generic.DetailView):
    model = Question 
    template_name = 'polls/results.html'

def vote(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    try:
        selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])
    except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
        # Redisplay the question voting form.
        return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {
            'question': question,
            'error_message': "You didn't select a choice.",
        })
    else:
        selected_choice.votes += 1
        selected_choice.save()
        # Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing
        # with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a
        # user hits the Back button.
        return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:results', args=(question.id,)))

Answer 1

你想检查一下那个“过去的问题”吗？是在response.content中，而不是response中。将test_detail_view_with_a_past_question的最后一行更改为：

self.assertContains(response.content, past_question.question_text,
                        status_code=200)

Answer 2

在我的案例中，测试用例以两种方式通过：

通过将属性pk_url_kwargs添加到views.py中具有值'question_id‘的DetailView来执行

pk_url_kwargs = 'question_id'

或

通过将urls.py中的'question_id‘更改为'pk’来

path('/'，views.DetailView.as_view()，name='detail')，

原因：

据我所知，泛型DetailView默认根据名为'pk‘或'slug’的参数查找对象-- (选取一个主键等于名为‘pk’的变量的值的对象)，但在urls.py教程中，额外的整数参数被命名为'question_id‘，因此我们需要更改views.py中的pk_url_kwargs或urls.py中的参数名称。